Grants paid by Parks & Trails New York Inc
EIN 14-1753475 · Albany, NY · Form 990, Schedule I · NTEE N320
Parks & Trails New York Inc of Albany, NY (EIN 14-1753475) reported 100 grants paid totaling $4,200,182 to 76 recipients in tax years 2023–2024, on Form 990, Schedule I. Derived from IRS e-file data, dataset version 2026.09.0, built 2026-09-03.
Grants paid
$4,200,182
100 grants
Recipients
76
distinct organizations
Tax years
2023–2024
2 filings in the corpus
By tax year
| Tax year | Grants paid | Amount paid | Approved for future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 55 | $1,532,309 | — |
| 2024 | 45 | $2,667,873 | — |
Top recipients
The 76 recipients receiving the most from Parks & Trails New York Inc, by grants paid, out of 76 distinct recipients.
| Recipient | Match | Location | Grants | Total paid | Latest year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Friends of Mills Mansion 14-1706748 | A | Staatsburg, NY | 2 | $332,000 | 2024 |
| Boutwell Hill Ski Club 81-1905909 | A | Cherry Creek, NY | 1 | $239,564 | 2024 |
| Chittenango Landing Canal Boat Museum 16-1285106 | A | Chittenango, NY | 2 | $190,250 | 2024 |
| Harlem Valley Rail Trail Assoc 14-1798581 | A | Millerton, NY | 2 | $162,600 | 2024 |
| The Bannermn Castel Trust Inc 06-1410979 | A | Glenham, NY | 2 | $157,100 | 2024 |
| Winona Forest Recreation Assoc 22-2327188 | A | Lacona, NY | 2 | $153,419 | 2024 |
| Stony Kill Foundation Inc 13-2917536 | A | Wappingers Falls, NY | 2 | $151,104 | 2024 |
| Palisades Parks Conservancy Inc 13-4138370 | A | New York, NY | 2 | $150,000 | 2024 |
| Friends of Rockland Lake & Hook Mountain 20-1287602 | A | Grandview On Hudson, NY | 2 | $118,000 | 2024 |
| Friends of Knox Farm State Park 20-8627920 | A | East Aurora, NY | 2 | $110,000 | 2024 |
| Planting Fields Foundation 11-1770097 | A | Oyster Bay, NY | 1 | $108,129 | 2024 |
| John Brown Lives 45-4553106 | A | Westport, NY | 2 | $101,500 | 2024 |
| Calvert Vaux Preservation Alliance 30-0431105 | A | Staatsburg, NY | 2 | $93,000 | 2024 |
| Old Fort Niagara Association 16-0768721 | A | Youngstown, NY | 2 | $87,103 | 2024 |
| Atlantic Marine Conservation Society 81-3706499 | A | Hampton Bays, NY | 2 | $86,895 | 2024 |
| Friends of Letchworth State Park 52-2254406 | A | Castile, NY | 2 | $83,800 | 2024 |
| Adirondack Recreational Trail Advocates 45-4752327 | A | Saranac Lake, NY | 1 | $75,400 | 2024 |
| Artpark & Company Inc 23-7086200 | A | Lewiston, NY | 2 | $75,000 | 2024 |
| Jay Heritage Center 13-3585332 | A | Rye, NY | 1 | $75,000 | 2024 |
| Friends of Rogers 16-1010345 | A | Sherburne, NY | 2 | $71,200 | 2024 |
| Chautauqua County Equestrian Trail System Inc 82-4657779 | A | Cassadaga, NY | 1 | $66,403 | 2023 |
| Walkway Over the Hudson 14-1753502 | A | Poughkeepsie, NY | 2 | $66,238 | 2024 |
| Cranberry Lake Mountaineers Snowmobile Club 85-3663871 | A | Cranberry Lake, NY | 1 | $65,899 | 2024 |
| Friends of the Genesee Valley Greenway 16-1457866 | A | Mount Morris, NY | 1 | $60,000 | 2023 |
| Frank Lloyd Wright's Martin House 16-1426693 | A | Buffalo, NY | 2 | $59,750 | 2024 |
| Lake George Battlefield Alliance 16-1608770 | A | Lake George, NY | 2 | $58,520 | 2024 |
| Little Stony Point Citizens Assoc 13-1837418 | A | Cold Spring, NY | 2 | $58,343 | 2024 |
| Friends of Clermont 22-2434835 | A | Germantown, NY | 1 | $54,000 | 2024 |
| Friends of Moreau Lake State Park 14-1794656 | A | Gansevoort, NY | 1 | $48,928 | 2023 |
| Friends of Philipse Manor Hall 13-3935243 | A | Yonkers, NY | 2 | $48,100 | 2024 |
| Friends of Connetquot 11-3364427 | A | Oakdale, NY | 1 | $41,000 | 2023 |
| Mohonk Preserve 14-1609484 | A | New Paltz, NY | 1 | $41,000 | 2024 |
| Friends of the Old Croton Aqueduct 13-3570850 | A | Dobbs Ferry, NY | 1 | $38,865 | 2023 |
| Friends of Gantry Plaza State Park 47-3613599 | A | Long Island City, NY | 2 | $38,631 | 2024 |
| Friends of Saratoga Spa State Park 14-1813295 | A | Saratoga Springs, NY | 1 | $37,500 | 2023 |
| Friends of Robert H Treman State Park 16-1562429 | A | Ithaca, NY | 1 | $36,140 | 2023 |
| Upper Hudson - Northern Catskills Natural Resource Trust 20-2696414 | A | Coxsackie, NY | 2 | $35,300 | 2024 |
| The Aquarium of Niagara 16-1448764 | A | Niagara Falls, NY | 1 | $35,000 | 2024 |
| Friends of Hamlin Beach State Park 27-3189231 | A | Hamlin, NY | 1 | $34,559 | 2024 |
| Chautauqua County Equestrian Trail System 82-1657779 | A | Cassadaga, NY | 1 | $34,000 | 2024 |
| Friends of Schuyler Mansion 14-1665770 | A | Albany, NY | 1 | $33,264 | 2024 |
| Friends of Mexico Point Park 31-1749471 | A | Mexico, NY | 1 | $30,592 | 2023 |
| Niagara Post Theater 81-4065326 | A | Youngstown, NY | 1 | $30,379 | 2023 |
| Friends of Lorenzo 51-0197300 | A | Cazenovia, NY | 2 | $30,072 | 2024 |
| Friends of the Rockefeller State Park Preserve 58-2295320 | A | Tarrytown, NY | 1 | $30,000 | 2023 |
| Friends of Five Rivers 23-7309978 | A | Delmar, NY | 1 | $27,638 | 2024 |
| Long Island Greenbelt Trail Conference 11-2552490 | A | Hauppauge, NY | 1 | $25,670 | 2023 |
| Mamakating Environmental Edctr 86-1493247 | A | Wurtsboro, NY | 1 | $25,650 | 2024 |
| Bayard Cutting Arboretum Horticultural Society 20-2988480 | A | Great River, NY | 1 | $25,000 | 2023 |
| Friends of Allegany State Park 46-4549379 | A | Salamanca, NY | 1 | $23,400 | 2023 |
| Friends of Higley Flow State Park 20-1097054 | A | Colton, NY | 1 | $22,983 | 2024 |
| Little Stony Point Citizens Association 13-3639332 | A | Cold Spring, NY | 1 | $22,950 | 2023 |
| Adirondack Mountain Club 15-0586270 | A | Lake George, NY | 1 | $21,820 | 2023 |
| Sonnenberg Gardens & Mansion State Historic Park 23-7089093 | A | Canandaigua, NY | 1 | $20,668 | 2023 |
| Friends of US Grant Cottage 14-1747814 | A | Gansevoort, NY | 1 | $18,000 | 2024 |
| Four Freedoms Park Conservancy 45-2716646 | A | New York, NY | 1 | $17,500 | 2023 |
| Friends of Point Au Roche State Park 14-1806945 | A | Plattsburgh, NY | 1 | $17,000 | 2024 |
| Walt Whitman Birthplace Association 16-1417467 | A | Huntington Station, NY | 1 | $16,944 | 2023 |
| Fort Montgomery Battle Site Association 06-1683601 | A | Fort Montgomery, NY | 1 | $16,650 | 2023 |
| Adirondack Architectural Heritage 22-3117009 | A | Keeseville, NY | 1 | $15,000 | 2023 |
| Friends of Johnson Hall 27-2501584 | A | Johnstown, NY | 1 | $13,793 | 2024 |
| Perry Main Street Association 46-3248943 | A | Perry, NY | 1 | $12,640 | 2023 |
| Saratoga Mountain Bike Association 30-0093937 | A | Saratoga Springs, NY | 1 | $11,835 | 2024 |
| Rochester Community Inclusive Rowing 45-1832009 | A | Rochester, NY | 1 | $11,592 | 2023 |
| Town of Hume | U | Fillmore, NY | 1 | $11,250 | 2023 |
| Friends of Fillmore Glen State Park 82-4273892 | A | Moravia, NY | 1 | $10,600 | 2024 |
| Impact Friends of Improving Allegany County Trails 87-1881478 | A | Arkport, NY | 1 | $10,000 | 2023 |
| Gunk Climbers Coalition 54-2109572 | A | Gardiner, NY | 1 | $10,000 | 2024 |
| Friends of Fillmore Glen State Park 16-1549012 | A | Moravia, NY | 1 | $8,648 | 2023 |
| Columbia Friends of the Electric Trail 83-1492639 | A | Valatie, NY | 1 | $8,600 | 2023 |
| Friends of Reinstein Nature Preserve 54-2130702 | A | Depew, NY | 1 | $8,546 | 2023 |
| Genessee Country Village & Museum 16-0918567 | A | Mumford, NY | 1 | $8,515 | 2023 |
| Friends of the Catharine Valley Trail 06-1727283 | A | Watkins Glen, NY | 1 | $6,750 | 2023 |
| Village of Geneseo | U | Geneseo, NY | 1 | $6,719 | 2023 |
| Town of York | U | York, NY | 1 | $5,261 | 2023 |
| Friends of Jones Beach 11-2638083 | A | West Babylon, NY | 1 | $5,013 | 2023 |
Match tier: A Reported EIN · B Exact name and place · C Strong name match · D Probable name match · U Unresolved. Tiers C and D are inferred, not reported; see how matching works.
Every grant
All 100 grant rows this organization reported, most recent first.
| Tax year | Recipient | Match | Amount | Type | Purpose | Source filing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Friends of Mills Mansion Staatsburg, NY | A | $300,000 | paid | Preservation | 202543219349306529 |
| 2024 | Boutwell Hill Ski Club Cherry Creek, NY | A | $239,564 | paid | Preservation | 202543219349306529 |
| 2024 | Winona Forest Recreation Assoc Lacona, NY | A | $140,000 | paid | Preservation | 202543219349306529 |
| 2024 | Harlem Valley Rail Trail Assoc Millerton, NY | A | $125,100 | paid | Preservation | 202543219349306529 |
| 2024 | Chittenango Landing Canal Boat Museum Chittenango, NY | A | $117,125 | paid | Preservation | 202543219349306529 |
| 2024 | Stony Kill Foundation Inc Wappingers Falls, NY | A | $113,052 | paid | Preservation | 202543219349306529 |
| 2024 | Planting Fields Foundation Oyster Bay, NY | A | $108,129 | paid | Preservation | 202543219349306529 |
| 2024 | The Bannermn Castel Trust Inc Glenham, NY | A | $107,100 | paid | Preservation | 202543219349306529 |
| 2024 | Adirondack Recreational Trail Advocates Saranac Lake, NY | A | $75,400 | paid | Preservation | 202543219349306529 |
| 2024 | Atlantic Marine Conservation Society Hampton Bays, NY | A | $75,353 | paid | Preservation | 202543219349306529 |
| 2024 | Jay Heritage Center Rye, NY | A | $75,000 | paid | Preservation | 202543219349306529 |
| 2024 | Calvert Vaux Preservation Alliance Staatsburg, NY | A | $75,000 | paid | Preservation | 202543219349306529 |
| 2024 | John Brown Lives Westport, NY | A | $75,000 | paid | Preservation | 202543219349306529 |
| 2024 | Palisades Parks Conservancy Inc New York, NY | A | $75,000 | paid | Preservation | 202543219349306529 |
| 2024 | Friends of Knox Farm State Park East Aurora, NY | A | $72,500 | paid | Preservation | 202543219349306529 |
| 2024 | Cranberry Lake Mountaineers Snowmobile Club Cranberry Lake, NY | A | $65,899 | paid | Preservation | 202543219349306529 |
| 2024 | Friends of Clermont Germantown, NY | A | $54,000 | paid | Preservation | 202543219349306529 |
| 2024 | Frank Lloyd Wright's Martin House Buffalo, NY | A | $53,000 | paid | Preservation | 202543219349306529 |
| 2024 | Artpark & Company Inc Lewiston, NY | A | $50,000 | paid | Preservation | 202543219349306529 |
| 2024 | Friends of Rockland Lake & Hook Mountain Grandview On Hudson, NY | A | $50,000 | paid | Preservation | 202543219349306529 |
| 2024 | Friends of Letchworth State Park Castile, NY | A | $43,700 | paid | Preservation | 202543219349306529 |
| 2024 | Mohonk Preserve New Paltz, NY | A | $41,000 | paid | Preservation | 202543219349306529 |
| 2024 | The Aquarium of Niagara Niagara Falls, NY | A | $35,000 | paid | Preservation | 202543219349306529 |
| 2024 | Friends of Hamlin Beach State Park Hamlin, NY | A | $34,559 | paid | Preservation | 202543219349306529 |
| 2024 | Chautauqua County Equestrian Trail System Cassadaga, NY | A | $34,000 | paid | Preservation | 202543219349306529 |
| 2024 | Walkway Over the Hudson Poughkeepsie, NY | A | $33,740 | paid | Preservation | 202543219349306529 |
| 2024 | Friends of Schuyler Mansion Albany, NY | A | $33,264 | paid | Preservation | 202543219349306529 |
| 2024 | Friends of Rogers Sherburne, NY | A | $31,200 | paid | Preservation | 202543219349306529 |
| 2024 | Little Stony Point Citizens Assoc Cold Spring, NY | A | $30,593 | paid | Preservation | 202543219349306529 |
| 2024 | The Caumsett Foundation Huntington, NY | A | $27,750 | paid | Preservation | 202543219349306529 |
| 2024 | Friends of Five Rivers Delmar, NY | A | $27,638 | paid | Preservation | 202543219349306529 |
| 2024 | Upper Hudson - Northern Catskills Natural Resource Trust Coxsackie, NY | A | $26,500 | paid | Preservation | 202543219349306529 |
| 2024 | Mamakating Environmental Edctr Wurtsboro, NY | A | $25,650 | paid | Preservation | 202543219349306529 |
| 2024 | Lake George Battlefield Alliance Lake George, NY | A | $25,000 | paid | Preservation | 202543219349306529 |
| 2024 | Friends of Philipse Manor Hall Yonkers, NY | A | $24,050 | paid | Preservation | 202543219349306529 |
| 2024 | Friends of Gantry Plaza State Park Long Island City, NY | A | $23,131 | paid | Preservation | 202543219349306529 |
| 2024 | Friends of Higley Flow State Park Colton, NY | A | $22,983 | paid | Preservation | 202543219349306529 |
| 2024 | Friends of US Grant Cottage Gansevoort, NY | A | $18,000 | paid | Preservation | 202543219349306529 |
| 2024 | Friends of Point Au Roche State Park Plattsburgh, NY | A | $17,000 | paid | Preservation | 202543219349306529 |
| 2024 | Friends of Johnson Hall Johnstown, NY | A | $13,793 | paid | Preservation | 202543219349306529 |
| 2024 | Old Fort Niagara Association Youngstown, NY | A | $12,103 | paid | Preservation | 202543219349306529 |
| 2024 | Saratoga Mountain Bike Association Saratoga Springs, NY | A | $11,835 | paid | Preservation | 202543219349306529 |
| 2024 | Friends of Fillmore Glen State Park Moravia, NY | A | $10,600 | paid | Preservation | 202543219349306529 |
| 2024 | Gunk Climbers Coalition Gardiner, NY | A | $10,000 | paid | Preservation | 202543219349306529 |
| 2024 | Friends of Lorenzo Cazenovia, NY | A | $8,562 | paid | Preservation | 202543219349306529 |
| 2023 | Old Fort Niagara Association Youngstown, NY | A | $75,000 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Palisades Parks Conservancy New York, NY | A | $75,000 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Chittenango Landing Canal Boat Museum Chittenango, NY | A | $73,125 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Friends of Rockland Lake & Hook Mountain Grandview On Hudson, NY | A | $68,000 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Chautauqua County Equestrian Trail System Inc Cassadaga, NY | A | $66,403 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Friends of the Genesee Valley Greenway Mount Morris, NY | A | $60,000 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | The Bannermn Castel Trust Inc Glenham, NY | A | $50,000 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Friends of Moreau Lake State Park Gansevoort, NY | A | $48,928 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Friends of Connetquot Oakdale, NY | A | $41,000 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Friends of Letchworth State Park Castile, NY | A | $40,100 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Friends of Rogers Sherburne, NY | A | $40,000 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Friends of the Old Croton Aqueduct Dobbs Ferry, NY | A | $38,865 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Stony Kill Foundation Inc Wappingers Falls, NY | A | $38,052 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Harlem Valley Rail Trail Association Millerton, NY | A | $37,500 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Friends of Saratoga Spa State Park Saratoga Springs, NY | A | $37,500 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Friends of Knox Farm State Park East Aurora, NY | A | $37,500 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Friends of Robert H Treman State Park Ithaca, NY | A | $36,140 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Lake George Battlefield Park Lake George, NY | A | $33,520 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Walkway Over the Hudson Poughkeepsie, NY | A | $32,498 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Friends of Mills Mansion Staatsburg, NY | A | $32,000 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Friends of Mexico Point Park Mexico, NY | A | $30,592 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Niagara Post Theater Youngstown, NY | A | $30,379 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Friends of the Rockefeller State Park Preserve Tarrytown, NY | A | $30,000 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | John Brown Lives Westport, NY | A | $26,500 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Long Island Greenbelt Trail Conference Hauppauge, NY | A | $25,670 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Artpark & Company Inc Lewiston, NY | A | $25,000 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Bayard Cutting Arboretum Horticultural Society Great River, NY | A | $25,000 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Friends of Philipse Manor Hall Yonkers, NY | A | $24,050 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Friends of Allegany State Park Salamanca, NY | A | $23,400 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Little Stony Point Citizens Association Cold Spring, NY | A | $22,950 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Adirondack Mountain Club Lake George, NY | A | $21,820 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Friends of Lorenzo Cazenovia, NY | A | $21,510 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Sonnenberg Gardens & Mansion State Historic Park Canandaigua, NY | A | $20,668 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Calvert Vaux Preservation Alliance Staatsburg, NY | A | $18,000 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Four Freedoms Park Conservancy New York, NY | A | $17,500 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Walt Whitman Birthplace Association Huntington Station, NY | A | $16,944 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Fort Montgomery Battle Site Association Fort Montgomery, NY | A | $16,650 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Friends of Gantry Plaza State Park Long Island City, NY | A | $15,500 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Adirondack Architectural Heritage Keeseville, NY | A | $15,000 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Winona Forest Recreation Association Lacona, NY | A | $13,419 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Perry Main Street Association Perry, NY | A | $12,640 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Rochester Community Inclusive Rowing Rochester, NY | A | $11,592 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Atlantic Marine Conservation Society Hampton Bays, NY | A | $11,542 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Town of Hume Fillmore, NY | U | $11,250 | paid | Recreation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Impact Friends of Improving Allegany County Trails Arkport, NY | A | $10,000 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Upper Hudson Northern Catskill Natural Resource Trust Coxsackie, NY | A | $8,800 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Friends of Fillmore Glen State Park Moravia, NY | A | $8,648 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Columbia Friends of the Electric Trail Valatie, NY | A | $8,600 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Friends of Reinstein Nature Preserve Depew, NY | A | $8,546 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Genessee Country Village & Museum Mumford, NY | A | $8,515 | paid | Recreation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Friends of the Catharine Valley Trail Watkins Glen, NY | A | $6,750 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Frank Lloyd Wright's Martin House Buffalo, NY | A | $6,750 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Village of Geneseo Geneseo, NY | U | $6,719 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Town of York York, NY | U | $5,261 | paid | Recreation | 202431349349303633 |
| 2023 | Friends of Jones Beach West Babylon, NY | A | $5,013 | paid | Preservation | 202431349349303633 |
Match tier: A Reported EIN · B Exact name and place · C Strong name match · D Probable name match · U Unresolved. Tiers C and D are inferred, not reported; see how matching works.
Recipient matching for this dataset version has not yet completed its independent precision check. Tier A rows carry the EIN the filer reported; tiers B–D are the matcher's inference and should be read as leads until the check is published on the methodology page.
Source filings
Every figure above is traceable to one of these IRS e-file returns by its OBJECT_ID.
| Form | Tax year | Period end | Filed | Schema | IRS OBJECT_ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 990 | 2024 | 2024-12-31 | not stated | 2024v5.2 | 202543219349306529 |
| 990 | 2023 | 2023-06-30 | not stated | 2022v5.0 | 202431349349303633 |
Derived from IRS Form 990 e-file XML; recipient identities from the IRS Exempt Organizations Business Master File. Dataset version 2026.09.0, built 2026-09-03. The same rows as Parquet: manifest; as JSON: /api/funders/141753475.json.
The same organization elsewhere in the program: exempt status and filing health · federal awards · grant guidance · open opportunities.
This is informational only, derived from public data on the dates shown. It is not an eligibility determination, and not legal, tax, or accounting advice. Verify against the official source before relying on it.