Grants paid by Gochnauer Family Foundation
EIN 33-0833479 · Corona Dl Mar, CA · Form 990-PF, Part XV · NTEE T30
Gochnauer Family Foundation of Corona Dl Mar, CA (EIN 33-0833479) reported 125 grants paid totaling $1,247,070 to 59 recipients in tax years 2020–2025, on Form 990-PF, Part XV. Derived from IRS e-file data, dataset version 2026.09.0, built 2026-09-03.
Grants paid
$1,247,070
125 grants
Recipients
59
distinct organizations
Tax years
2020–2025
6 filings in the corpus
By tax year
| Tax year | Grants paid | Amount paid | Approved for future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 14 | $80,170 | — |
| 2021 | 22 | $165,196 | — |
| 2022 | 23 | $167,988 | — |
| 2023 | 18 | $114,671 | — |
| 2024 | 20 | $173,343 | — |
| 2025 | 28 | $545,702 | — |
Top recipients
The 59 recipients receiving the most from Gochnauer Family Foundation, by grants paid, out of 59 distinct recipients.
| Recipient | Match | Location | Grants | Total paid | Latest year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unsilenced Project Inc 87-4398897 | B | Rancho Mission Viejo, CA | 5 | $190,000 | 2025 |
| Orange Way United Way 33-0047994 | D | Irvine, CA | 2 | $162,211 | 2025 |
| University of Wisconsin Green Bay | U | Green Bay, WI | 5 | $125,050 | 2025 |
| The Shea Center | U | San Juan Capistrano, CA | 6 | $108,320 | 2025 |
| Family Equalities Council 83-4269954 | D | New York, NY | 6 | $75,000 | 2025 |
| Francis Parker School 36-2171732 | C | Chicago, IL | 5 | $74,100 | 2025 |
| Ebenezer Foundation 26-4132788 | B | Quincy, MA | 6 | $65,000 | 2025 |
| Uci Foundation | U | Irvine, CA | 5 | $63,500 | 2025 |
| Ceo Leadership Alliance 87-3516668 | D | Laguna Beach, CA | 3 | $55,000 | 2025 |
| City of Hope | U | Duarte, CA | 6 | $50,200 | 2025 |
| United States Association for Unhcr | U | Washington, DC | 1 | $45,000 | 2022 |
| National Immigrant Justice Center | U | Chicago, IL | 5 | $29,500 | 2025 |
| Sudara Freedom Fund 87-0742833 | B | Santa Ana, CA | 4 | $25,000 | 2025 |
| Free Wheelchair Mission 31-1781635 | B | Irvine, CA | 4 | $25,000 | 2023 |
| University of Wisconsin | U | Green Bay, WI | 1 | $22,350 | 2020 |
| Decorative Arts Society 72-1579572 | B | Newport Beach, CA | 4 | $13,000 | 2025 |
| Wheelchair Mission | U | Irvine, CA | 2 | $12,500 | 2025 |
| Rush University | U | Chicago, IL | 3 | $12,500 | 2025 |
| Friendship Shelter 33-0219404 | C | Laguna Beach, CA | 4 | $10,500 | 2024 |
| American Civil Liberties Foundation | U | New York, NY | 1 | $10,000 | 2025 |
| Gavin Herbert Eye Institute | U | Irvine, CA | 1 | $10,000 | 2025 |
| Orange County Museum of Art 95-1660847 | B | Costa Mesa, CA | 4 | $9,500 | 2025 |
| Big Canyon Cc Scholarship Fund | U | Newport Beach, CA | 2 | $6,750 | 2021 |
| Pbs Foundation 20-1476451 | B | Arlington, VA | 1 | $5,004 | 2025 |
| Rush University Medical Center 36-2174823 | B | Chicago, IL | 1 | $5,000 | 2022 |
| Chapman University | U | Orange, CA | 1 | $2,500 | 2020 |
| Pasadena Humane Society 95-1643344 | B | Pasadena, CA | 1 | $2,100 | 2025 |
| Second Harvest Food Bank | U | Irvine, CA | 1 | $2,060 | 2025 |
| Mission San Juan Capistrano 33-0833283 | C | San Juan Capistrano, CA | 1 | $2,060 | 2025 |
| Illinois Institute of Technology | U | Chicago, IL | 1 | $2,000 | 2025 |
| Unreconciled Project 33-2456568 | B | Easthampton, MA | 1 | $2,000 | 2025 |
| Hoag Hopsital Foundation 95-3222343 | D | Irvine, CA | 2 | $2,000 | 2022 |
| Globalgiving Foundation Inc 30-0108263 | B | Washington, DC | 1 | $2,000 | 2022 |
| Hcf Management Inc | U | Lima, OH | 1 | $1,500 | 2023 |
| Fragile X Association | U | Burbank, CA | 1 | $1,250 | 2020 |
| Northwestern University 36-2167817 | B | Evanston, IL | 1 | $1,206 | 2021 |
| Orangewood Foundation 95-3616628 | B | Santa Ana, CA | 1 | $1,120 | 2020 |
| Dravet Syndrome Foundation Inc 27-0924627 | B | Cherry Hill, NJ | 1 | $1,030 | 2021 |
| The Impact Fund 94-3161863 | B | Berkeley, CA | 1 | $1,003 | 2022 |
| The Priority Center 85-0742188 | D | Santa Ana, CA | 1 | $1,000 | 2025 |
| Orlando Magic Foundation | U | Grand Rapids, MI | 1 | $1,000 | 2024 |
| Rural Behavioral Health Institute 85-1210248 | C | Livingston, MT | 1 | $1,000 | 2025 |
| Bill Nelson Foundation | U | Wilmette, IL | 1 | $1,000 | 2021 |
| Saint Mary's Foundation 38-1779602 | B | Grand Rapids, MI | 2 | $1,000 | 2021 |
| Presbyterian Church USA 38-3324827 | B | Traverse City, MI | 1 | $1,000 | 2025 |
| Brazil Foundation 13-4131482 | B | New York, NY | 1 | $1,000 | 2024 |
| Points of Charity | U | Placentia, CA | 1 | $1,000 | 2023 |
| Visionary Foundation | U | Rockville, MD | 1 | $1,000 | 2023 |
| National Multiple Sclerosis Society 13-5661935 | B | New York, NY | 2 | $750 | 2023 |
| Magical Bridge Foundation 81-2377796 | B | Palo Alto, CA | 1 | $525 | 2021 |
| Bold Foundation 84-4551996 | B | Chapel Hill, NC | 1 | $515 | 2023 |
| Carroll College | U | Helena, MT | 1 | $500 | 2022 |
| Big Canyon Country Club Scholarship 95-2648551 | D | Irvine, CA | 1 | $500 | 2023 |
| Sherman Library and Gardens | U | Corona del Mar, CA | 1 | $500 | 2024 |
| Wicker Park Lutheran Church 16-1697744 | B | Chicago, IL | 1 | $257 | 2024 |
| Capo Girls Fast Pitch Softball 45-4535811 | C | Ladera Ranch, CA | 1 | $206 | 2023 |
| Peo Educational Loan Fund | U | Des Moines, IA | 2 | $200 | 2022 |
| AIDS Foundation of Chicago 36-3412054 | B | Chicago, IL | 1 | $200 | 2020 |
| Chicago Parks Foundation 45-4866050 | C | Chicago, IL | 1 | $103 | 2025 |
Match tier: A Reported EIN · B Exact name and place · C Strong name match · D Probable name match · U Unresolved. Tiers C and D are inferred, not reported; see how matching works.
Every grant
All 125 grant rows this organization reported, most recent first.
| Tax year | Recipient | Match | Amount | Type | Purpose | Source filing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | Orange Way United Way Irvine, CA | D | $153,175 | paid | GENERAL | 202601829349100510 |
| 2025 | Unsilenced Project Inc Rancho Mission Viejo, CA | B | $100,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202601829349100510 |
| 2025 | Francis Parker School Chicago, IL | C | $61,200 | paid | GENERAL | 202601829349100510 |
| 2025 | Ceo Leadership Alliance Orange Coun Laguna Beach, CA | C | $35,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202601829349100510 |
| 2025 | University of Wisconsin Green Bay' Green Bay, WI | U | $30,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202601829349100510 |
| 2025 | The Shea Center San Juan Capistrano, CA | U | $25,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202601829349100510 |
| 2025 | Family Equalities Council New York, NY | D | $20,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202601829349100510 |
| 2025 | City of Hope Duarte, CA | U | $15,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202601829349100510 |
| 2025 | National Immigrant Justice Center Chicago, IL | U | $15,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202601829349100510 |
| 2025 | Uci Foundation Irvine, CA | U | $12,500 | paid | GENERAL | 202601829349100510 |
| 2025 | Wheelchair Mission Irvine, CA | U | $10,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202601829349100510 |
| 2025 | Gavin Herbert Eye Institute Irvine, CA | U | $10,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202601829349100510 |
| 2025 | Ebenezer Foundation Quincy, MA | B | $10,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202601829349100510 |
| 2025 | Sudara Freedom Fund Santa Ana, CA | B | $10,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202601829349100510 |
| 2025 | American Civil Liberties Foundation New York, NY | U | $10,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202601829349100510 |
| 2025 | Pbs Foundation Arlington, VA | B | $5,004 | paid | GENERAL | 202601829349100510 |
| 2025 | Rush University Chicago, IL | U | $5,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202601829349100510 |
| 2025 | Decorative Arts Society Newport Beach, CA | B | $4,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202601829349100510 |
| 2025 | Pasadena Humane Society Pasadena, CA | B | $2,100 | paid | GENERAL | 202601829349100510 |
| 2025 | Second Harvest Food Bank Irvine, CA | U | $2,060 | paid | GENERAL | 202601829349100510 |
| 2025 | Mission San Juan Capistrano San Juan Capistrano, CA | C | $2,060 | paid | GENERAL | 202601829349100510 |
| 2025 | Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago, IL | U | $2,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202601829349100510 |
| 2025 | Unreconciled Project Easthampton, MA | B | $2,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202601829349100510 |
| 2025 | Orange County Museum of Art Costa Mesa, CA | B | $1,500 | paid | GENERAL | 202601829349100510 |
| 2025 | Rural Behavioral Health Institute Livingston, MT | C | $1,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202601829349100510 |
| 2025 | The Priority Center Santa Ana, CA | D | $1,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202601829349100510 |
| 2025 | Presbyterian Church USA Traverse City, MI | B | $1,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202601829349100510 |
| 2025 | Chicago Parks Foundation Chicago, IL | C | $103 | paid | GENERAL | 202601829349100510 |
| 2024 | Unsilenced Project Inc Rancho Mission Viejo, CA | B | $40,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202521409349100512 |
| 2024 | University of Wisconsin Green Bay' Green Bay, WI | U | $30,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202521409349100512 |
| 2024 | The Shea Center San Juan Capistrano, CA | U | $20,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202521409349100512 |
| 2024 | Family Equalities Council New York, NY | D | $15,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202521409349100512 |
| 2024 | Uci Foundation Irvine, CA | U | $12,500 | paid | GENERAL | 202521409349100512 |
| 2024 | Ebenezer Foundation Quincy, MA | B | $12,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202521409349100512 |
| 2024 | Orange Way United Way Irvine, CA | D | $9,036 | paid | GENERAL | 202521409349100512 |
| 2024 | City of Hope Duarte, CA | U | $7,500 | paid | GENERAL | 202521409349100512 |
| 2024 | National Immigrant Justice Center Chicago, IL | U | $5,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202521409349100512 |
| 2024 | Rush University Chicago, IL | U | $5,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202521409349100512 |
| 2024 | Sudara Freedom Fund Santa Ana, CA | B | $3,500 | paid | GENERAL | 202521409349100512 |
| 2024 | Francis Parker School Chicago, IL | C | $3,050 | paid | GENERAL | 202521409349100512 |
| 2024 | Decorative Arts Society Newport Beach, CA | B | $3,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202521409349100512 |
| 2024 | Wheelchair Mission Irvine, CA | U | $2,500 | paid | GENERAL | 202521409349100512 |
| 2024 | Friendship Shelter Laguna Beach, CA | C | $1,500 | paid | GENERAL | 202521409349100512 |
| 2024 | Orlando Magic Foundation Grand Rapids, MI | U | $1,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202521409349100512 |
| 2024 | Orange County Museum of Art Costa Mesa, CA | B | $1,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202521409349100512 |
| 2024 | Brazil Foundation New York, NY | B | $1,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202521409349100512 |
| 2024 | Sherman Library and Gardens Corona del Mar, CA | U | $500 | paid | GENERAL | 202521409349100512 |
| 2024 | Wicker Park Lutheran Church Chicago, IL | B | $257 | paid | GENERAL | 202521409349100512 |
| 2023 | Unsilenced Project Inc Rancho Mission Viejo, CA | B | $25,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202412299349100121 |
| 2023 | The Shea Center San Juan Capistrano, CA | U | $20,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202412299349100121 |
| 2023 | Uci Foundation Irvine, CA | U | $12,500 | paid | GENERAL | 202412299349100121 |
| 2023 | Ebenezer Foundation Quincy, MA | B | $10,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202412299349100121 |
| 2023 | Family Equalities Council New York, NY | D | $10,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202412299349100121 |
| 2023 | Free Wheelchair Mission Irvine, CA | B | $10,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202412299349100121 |
| 2023 | City of Hope Duarte, CA | U | $7,700 | paid | GENERAL | 202412299349100121 |
| 2023 | Francis Parker School Chicago, IL | C | $5,500 | paid | GENERAL | 202412299349100121 |
| 2023 | Orange County Museum of Art Costa Mesa, CA | B | $3,500 | paid | GENERAL | 202412299349100121 |
| 2023 | Decorative Arts Society Newport Beach, CA | B | $3,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202412299349100121 |
| 2023 | National Immigrant Justice Center Chicago, IL | U | $2,500 | paid | GENERAL | 202412299349100121 |
| 2023 | Hcf Management Inc Lima, OH | U | $1,500 | paid | GENERAL | 202412299349100121 |
| 2023 | Points of Charity Placentia, CA | U | $1,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202412299349100121 |
| 2023 | Visionary Foundation Rockville, MD | U | $1,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202412299349100121 |
| 2023 | Bold Foundation Chapel Hill, NC | B | $515 | paid | GENERAL | 202412299349100121 |
| 2023 | Big Canyon Country Club Scholarship Irvine, CA | D | $500 | paid | GENERAL | 202412299349100121 |
| 2023 | National Multiple Sclerosis Society New York, NY | B | $250 | paid | GENERAL | 202412299349100121 |
| 2023 | Capo Girls Fast Pitch Softball Ladera Ranch, CA | C | $206 | paid | GENERAL | 202412299349100121 |
| 2022 | United States Association for Unhcr Washington, DC | U | $45,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202302019349100605 |
| 2022 | The Shea Center San Juan Capistrano, CA | U | $21,035 | paid | GENERAL | 202302019349100605 |
| 2022 | Unsilenced Project Inc Rancho Mission Viejo, CA | B | $20,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202302019349100605 |
| 2022 | Uci Foundation Irvine, CA | U | $13,500 | paid | GENERAL | 202302019349100605 |
| 2022 | Ebenezer Foundation Quincy, MA | B | $10,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202302019349100605 |
| 2022 | Family Equalities Council New York, NY | D | $10,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202302019349100605 |
| 2022 | Ceo Leadership Alliance Laguna Beach, CA | D | $10,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202302019349100605 |
| 2022 | Rush University Medical Center Chicago, IL | B | $5,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202302019349100605 |
| 2022 | City of Hope Duarte, CA | U | $5,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202302019349100605 |
| 2022 | Free Wheelchair Mission Irvine, CA | B | $5,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202302019349100605 |
| 2022 | Sudara Freedom Fund Santa Ana, CA | B | $3,500 | paid | GENERAL | 202302019349100605 |
| 2022 | Orange County Museum of Art Costa Mesa, CA | B | $3,500 | paid | GENERAL | 202302019349100605 |
| 2022 | National Immigrant Justice Center Chicago, IL | U | $3,500 | paid | GENERAL | 202302019349100605 |
| 2022 | Decorative Arts Society Newport Beach, CA | B | $3,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202302019349100605 |
| 2022 | Francis Parker School Chicago, IL | C | $2,350 | paid | GENERAL | 202302019349100605 |
| 2022 | Globalgiving Foundation Inc Washington, DC | B | $2,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202302019349100605 |
| 2022 | Friendship Shelter Laguna Beach, CA | C | $1,500 | paid | GENERAL | 202302019349100605 |
| 2022 | The Impact Fund Berkeley, CA | B | $1,003 | paid | GENERAL | 202302019349100605 |
| 2022 | University of Wisconsin Green Bay Green Bay, WI | U | $1,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202302019349100605 |
| 2022 | Hoag Hopsital Foundation Irvine, CA | D | $1,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202302019349100605 |
| 2022 | National Multiple Sclerosis Society New York, NY | B | $500 | paid | GENERAL | 202302019349100605 |
| 2022 | Carroll College Helena, MT | U | $500 | paid | GENERAL | 202302019349100605 |
| 2022 | Peo Educational Loan Fund Des Moines, IA | U | $100 | paid | GENERAL | 202302019349100605 |
| 2021 | University of Wisconsin Green Bay Green Bay, WI | U | $60,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202222699349100207 |
| 2021 | The Shea Center San Juan Capistrano, CA | U | $15,285 | paid | GENERAL | 202222699349100207 |
| 2021 | Uci Foundation Irvine, CA | U | $12,500 | paid | GENERAL | 202222699349100207 |
| 2021 | City of Hope Duarte, CA | U | $10,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202222699349100207 |
| 2021 | Ceo Leadership Alliance Laguna Beach, CA | D | $10,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202222699349100207 |
| 2021 | Family Equalities Council New York, NY | D | $10,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202222699349100207 |
| 2021 | Sudara Freedom Fund Santa Ana, CA | B | $8,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202222699349100207 |
| 2021 | Free Wheelchair Mission Irvine, CA | B | $7,500 | paid | GENERAL | 202222699349100207 |
| 2021 | Big Canyon Cc Scholarship Fund Newport Beach, CA | U | $6,500 | paid | GENERAL | 202222699349100207 |
| 2021 | Unsilenced Project Inc Rancho Mission Viejo, CA | B | $5,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202222699349100207 |
| 2021 | University of Wisconsin Green Bay Green Bay, WI | U | $4,050 | paid | GENERAL | 202222699349100207 |
| 2021 | National Immigrant Justice Center Chicago, IL | U | $3,500 | paid | GENERAL | 202222699349100207 |
| 2021 | Ebenezer Foundation Quincy, MA | B | $3,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202222699349100207 |
| 2021 | Friendship Shelter Laguna Beach, CA | C | $2,500 | paid | GENERAL | 202222699349100207 |
| 2021 | Francis Parker School Chicago, IL | C | $2,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202222699349100207 |
| 2021 | Northwestern University Evanston, IL | B | $1,206 | paid | GENERAL | 202222699349100207 |
| 2021 | Dravet Syndrome Foundation Inc Cherry Hill, NJ | B | $1,030 | paid | GENERAL | 202222699349100207 |
| 2021 | Bill Nelson Foundation Wilmette, IL | U | $1,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202222699349100207 |
| 2021 | Hoag Hopsital Foundation Irvine, CA | D | $1,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202222699349100207 |
| 2021 | Magical Bridge Foundation Palo Alto, CA | B | $525 | paid | GENERAL | 202222699349100207 |
| 2021 | Saint Mary's Foundation Grand Rapids, MI | B | $500 | paid | GENERAL | 202222699349100207 |
| 2021 | Peo Educational Loan Fund Des Moines, IA | U | $100 | paid | GENERAL | 202222699349100207 |
| 2020 | University of Wisconsin Green Bay, WI | U | $22,350 | paid | GENERAL | 202113159349103821 |
| 2020 | Ebenezer Foundation Quincy, MA | B | $20,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202113159349103821 |
| 2020 | Family Equalities Council New York, NY | D | $10,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202113159349103821 |
| 2020 | The Shea Center San Juan Capistrano, CA | U | $7,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202113159349103821 |
| 2020 | City of Hope Duarte, CA | U | $5,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202113159349103821 |
| 2020 | Friendship Shelter Laguna Beach, CA | C | $5,000 | paid | GENERAL | 202113159349103821 |
| 2020 | Rush University Chicago, IL | U | $2,500 | paid | GENERAL | 202113159349103821 |
| 2020 | Free Wheelchair Mission Irvine, CA | B | $2,500 | paid | GENERAL | 202113159349103821 |
| 2020 | Chapman University Orange, CA | U | $2,500 | paid | GENERAL | 202113159349103821 |
| 2020 | Fragile X Association Burbank, CA | U | $1,250 | paid | GENERAL | 202113159349103821 |
| 2020 | Orangewood Foundation Santa Ana, CA | B | $1,120 | paid | GENERAL | 202113159349103821 |
| 2020 | Saint Mary's Foundation Grand Rapids, MI | B | $500 | paid | GENERAL | 202113159349103821 |
| 2020 | Big Canyon Cc Scholarship Fund Newport Beach, CA | U | $250 | paid | GENERAL | 202113159349103821 |
| 2020 | AIDS Foundation of Chicago Chicago, IL | B | $200 | paid | GENERAL | 202113159349103821 |
Match tier: A Reported EIN · B Exact name and place · C Strong name match · D Probable name match · U Unresolved. Tiers C and D are inferred, not reported; see how matching works.
Recipient matching for this dataset version has not yet completed its independent precision check. Tier A rows carry the EIN the filer reported; tiers B–D are the matcher's inference and should be read as leads until the check is published on the methodology page.
Source filings
Every figure above is traceable to one of these IRS e-file returns by its OBJECT_ID.
| Form | Tax year | Period end | Filed | Schema | IRS OBJECT_ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 990PF | 2025 | 2025-12-31 | not stated | 2025v4.0 | 202601829349100510 |
| 990PF | 2024 | 2024-12-31 | not stated | 2024v5.0 | 202521409349100512 |
| 990PF | 2023 | 2023-12-31 | not stated | 2023v5.0 | 202412299349100121 |
| 990PF | 2022 | 2022-12-31 | not stated | 2022v5.0 | 202302019349100605 |
| 990PF | 2021 | 2021-12-31 | not stated | 2021v4.0 | 202222699349100207 |
| 990PF | 2020 | 2020-12-31 | not stated | 2020v4.0 | 202113159349103821 |
Derived from IRS Form 990-PF e-file XML; recipient identities from the IRS Exempt Organizations Business Master File. Dataset version 2026.09.0, built 2026-09-03. The same rows as Parquet: manifest; as JSON: /api/funders/330833479.json.
The same organization elsewhere in the program: exempt status and filing health · federal awards · grant guidance · open opportunities.
This is informational only, derived from public data on the dates shown. It is not an eligibility determination, and not legal, tax, or accounting advice. Verify against the official source before relying on it.