funder-graph

FundersMI

Grants paid by The Maisel Foundation

EIN 38-3133484 · Southfield, MI · Form 990-PF, Part XV

The Maisel Foundation of Southfield, MI (EIN 38-3133484) reported 120 grants paid totaling $82,650 to 35 recipients in tax years 2018–2024, on Form 990-PF, Part XV. Derived from IRS e-file data, dataset version 2026.09.0, built 2026-09-03.

Grants paid

$82,650

120 grants

Recipients

35

distinct organizations

Tax years

2018–2024

5 filings in the corpus

By tax year

Grants by tax year, as the same figures
Tax yearGrants paidAmount paidApproved for future
201822$16,450
202024$20,250
202225$17,250
202324$12,900
202425$15,800

Top recipients

The 35 recipients receiving the most from The Maisel Foundation, by grants paid, out of 35 distinct recipients.

Recipients ranked by total grants paid
RecipientMatchLocationGrantsTotal paidLatest year
Congregation Sherith Israel 94-1156522BSan Francisco, CA5$9,9002024
Jewish Family & Childrens Services - EbUBerkeley, CA5$5,6502024
Congregation Bnai TikavUWalnut Creek, CA5$5,3502024
Focusing Philanthropy 45-2405071BSanta Monica, CA4$4,8002024
American Jewish World Service 22-2584370BNew York, NY5$4,5752024
Jewish Family & Childrens Services 04-2104356CWaltham, MA5$4,2252024
Jewish Family & Childrens Services 94-1156528BSan Francisco, CA2$3,8002020
Classroom of the Future 33-0765068CSan Diego, CA4$3,3502024
Clean Air Task Force 04-3512550BBoston, MA4$3,3002024
Feeding San Diego 26-0457477BSan Diego, CA4$3,2502024
Kehilla Community Synagogue 94-2990386DOakland, CA5$3,2502024
A Step Beyond 46-2857532BEscondido, CA4$3,2502024
Jewish Family Services of San Diego 95-1644024CSan Diego, CA4$3,2502024
Medecins Sans Frontieres 13-3433452DNew York, NY5$2,2002024
Hebrew Day SchoolUSan Diego, CA2$2,1002024
Contra Costa Food BankUConcord, CA5$2,0002024
American Civil Liberties Union FoundatioUNew York, NY5$2,0002024
Human Rights CenterUBerkeley, CA3$1,8002024
Jewish Vocational & Career Counseling 94-2213100CSan Francisco, CA5$1,5002024
East Bay Agency for Children 94-1358309COakland, CA5$1,4002024
Berkeley Emergency Food & Housing ProjecUBerkeley, CA5$1,2502024
Senior Outreach Service 77-0433542DWalnut Creek, CA4$1,2002024
Sunrise Movement Educational Foundation 46-4773036DWashington, DC3$1,2002023
Raphael House 94-3141608BSan Francisco, CA4$1,1502024
Horizons for Homeless Children 22-2915188BRoxbury, MA2$1,1002024
Mothers Against Drunk DrivingUSan Diego, CA1$9502018
United Jewish Federation of San DiegoUSan Diego, CA1$9502018
Contra Costa Midrasha 68-0171267CWalnut Creek, CA5$9002024
International Rescue CommitteeUAlbert Lea, MN2$8002024
Homeward Bound of Marin 68-0011405BNovato, CA2$8002022
350org - Better Future ProjectUCambridge, MA1$5002018
350orgUBrooklyn, NY1$3002018
Direct Relief 95-1831116BSanta Barbara, CA1$3002018
Oxfam America 23-7069110BBoston, MA1$2002018
Creative Community for PeaceULos Angeles, CA1$1002022

Match tier: A Reported EIN · B Exact name and place · C Strong name match · D Probable name match · U Unresolved. Tiers C and D are inferred, not reported; see how matching works.

Every grant

All 120 grant rows this organization reported, most recent first.

Grants reported by The Maisel Foundation
Tax yearRecipientMatchAmountTypePurposeSource filing
2024Congregation Sherith Israel San Francisco, CAB$2,200paidTO PROVIDE RELIGIOUS GUIDANCE TO THE COMMUNITY202511199349102256
2024Focusing Philanthropy Santa Monica, CAB$1,000paidTO SUPPORT THE WORK OF THE ORGANIZATION202511199349102256
2024Congregation Bnai Tikav Walnut Creek, CAU$1,000paidTO PROVIDE RELIGIOUS GUIDANCE TO THE COMMUNITY202511199349102256
2024Clean Air Task Force Boston, MAB$900paidTO SUPPORT THE WORK OF THE ORGANIZATION202511199349102256
2024American Jewish World Service New York, NYB$800paidTO PROVIDE ASSISTANCE WITH GLOBAL SOCIETAL PROGRAMS202511199349102256
2024Kehilla Community Synagogue Oakland, CAD$800paidSHARE RICHES OF JUDAISM & ENCOURAGE SPIRITUALITY202511199349102256
2024Human Rights Center Berkeley, CAU$700paidTo conduct research on humanitarian law and human rights202511199349102256
2024Jewish Family Services of San Diego San Diego, CAC$700paidTO PROVIDE HUMAN SERVICE & HEALTHCARE PROGRAMS202511199349102256
2024A Step Beyond Escondido, CAB$700paidTO SUPPORT THE WORK OF THE ORGANIZATION202511199349102256
2024Jewish Family & Childrens Services Waltham, MAC$700paidTO PROVIDE HUMAN SERVICE & HEALTHCARE PROGRAMS202511199349102256
2024Feeding San Diego San Diego, CAB$700paidTO SUPPORT THE WORK OF THE ORGANIZATION202511199349102256
2024Classroom of the Future San Diego, CAC$700paidTO SUPPORT THE WORK OF THE ORGANIZATION202511199349102256
2024Hebrew Day School San Diego, CAU$600paidTO PROVIDE SCHOLORSHIPS TO DESERVING STUDENTS202511199349102256
2024Horizons for Homeless Children Roxbury, MAB$600paidFOR THE ASSURANCE OF THE HEALTH & WELL BEING OF CHILDREN202511199349102256
2024International Rescue Committee Albert Lea, MNU$500paidTo provide opportunites for refugees, asylees, victims of human trafficking and other immigrants.202511199349102256
2024Contra Costa Food Bank Concord, CAU$500paidTO REDUCE FOOD WASTE & INCREASE HUNGER AWARENESS202511199349102256
2024Medecins Sans Frontieres New York, NYD$450paidTO HELP PEOPLE WORLDWIDE WHERE THE NEED IS GREATEST, DELIVERING EMERGENCY MEDICAL AID TO PEOPLE AFFECTED BY CONFLICT, EPIDEMICS, DISASTERS OR EXCLUSION FROM HEALTH CARE202511199349102256
2024Jewish Family & Childrens Services - Eb Berkeley, CAU$400paidTO PROVIDE HUMAN SERVICE & HEALTHCARE PROGRAMS202511199349102256
2024American Civil Liberties Union Foundatio New York, NYU$400paidTO DEFEND & PRESERVE INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS & LIBERTIES IN THE UNITED STATES202511199349102256
2024Senior Outreach Service Walnut Creek, CAD$250paidTO MAINTAIN HEALTH & WELLNESS SAFETY NETS FOR AGING PERSONS202511199349102256
2024Jewish Vocational & Career Counseling San Francisco, CAC$250paidTO BRING PEOPLE & WORK TOGETHER202511199349102256
2024East Bay Agency for Children Oakland, CAC$250paidFOR THE HEALTH & WELL BEING OF CHILDREN202511199349102256
2024Contra Costa Midrasha Walnut Creek, CAC$250paidGUIDE TEENS THROUGH GROWING UP202511199349102256
2024Raphael House San Francisco, CAB$250paidTO HELP AT-RISK FAMILIES ACHIEVE STABLE HOUSING202511199349102256
2024Berkeley Emergency Food & Housing Projec Berkeley, CAU$200paidTO PROVIDE FOOD & SHELTER TO INDIGENT INDIVIDUALS202511199349102256
2023Congregation Sherith Israel San Francisco, CAB$2,000paidTO PROVIDE RELIGIOUS GUIDANCE TO THE COMMUNITY202411349349101286
2023Focusing Philanthropy Santa Monica, CAB$1,000paidTO SUPPORT THE WORK OF THE ORGANIZATION202411349349101286
2023Congregation Bnai Tikav Walnut Creek, CAU$850paidTO PROVIDE RELIGIOUS GUIDANCE TO THE COMMUNITY202411349349101286
2023American Jewish World Service New York, NYB$800paidTO PROVIDE ASSISTANCE WITH GLOBAL SOCIETAL PROGRAMS202411349349101286
2023Feeding San Diego San Diego, CAB$700paidTO SUPPORT THE WORK OF THE ORGANIZATION202411349349101286
2023Jewish Family & Childrens Services Waltham, MAC$700paidTO PROVIDE HUMAN SERVICE & HEALTHCARE PROGRAMS202411349349101286
2023A Step Beyond Escondido, CAB$700paidTO SUPPORT THE WORK OF THE ORGANIZATION202411349349101286
2023Jewish Family Services of San Diego San Diego, CAC$700paidTO PROVIDE HUMAN SERVICE & HEALTHCARE PROGRAMS202411349349101286
2023Classroom of the Future San Diego, CAC$700paidTO SUPPORT THE WORK OF THE ORGANIZATION202411349349101286
2023Clean Air Task Force Boston, MAB$600paidTO SUPPORT THE WORK OF THE ORGANIZATION202411349349101286
2023Kehilla Community Synagogue Oakland, CAD$600paidSHARE RICHES OF JUDAISM & ENCOURAGE SPIRITUALITY202411349349101286
2023Human Rights Center Berkeley, CAU$500paidTo conduct research on humanitarian law and human rights202411349349101286
2023Medecins Sans Frontieres New York, NYD$350paidTO HELP PEOPLE WORLDWIDE WHERE THE NEED IS GREATEST, DELIVERING EMERGENCY MEDICAL AID TO PEOPLE AFFECTED BY CONFLICT, EPIDEMICS, DISASTERS OR EXCLUSION FROM HEALTH CARE202411349349101286
2023Contra Costa Food Bank Concord, CAU$350paidTO REDUCE FOOD WASTE & INCREASE HUNGER AWARENESS202411349349101286
2023International Rescue Committee Albert Lea, MNU$300paidTo provide opportunites for refugees, asylees, victims of human trafficking and other immigrants.202411349349101286
2023Sunrise Movement Educational Foundation Washington, DCD$300paidTO SUPPORT THE WORK OF THE ORGANIZATION202411349349101286
2023Jewish Family & Childrens Services - Eb Berkeley, CAU$250paidTO PROVIDE HUMAN SERVICE & HEALTHCARE PROGRAMS202411349349101286
2023Senior Outreach Service Walnut Creek, CAD$250paidTO MAINTAIN HEALTH & WELLNESS SAFETY NETS FOR AGING PERSONS202411349349101286
2023Raphael House San Francisco, CAB$250paidTO HELP AT-RISK FAMILIES ACHIEVE STABLE HOUSING202411349349101286
2023Jewish Vocational & Career Counseling San Francisco, CAC$250paidTO BRING PEOPLE & WORK TOGETHER202411349349101286
2023East Bay Agency for Children Oakland, CAC$250paidFOR THE HEALTH & WELL BEING OF CHILDREN202411349349101286
2023American Civil Liberties Union Foundatio New York, NYU$200paidTO DEFEND & PRESERVE INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS & LIBERTIES IN THE UNITED STATES202411349349101286
2023Berkeley Emergency Food & Housing Projec Berkeley, CAU$200paidTO PROVIDE FOOD & SHELTER TO INDIGENT INDIVIDUALS202411349349101286
2023Contra Costa Midrasha Walnut Creek, CAC$100paidGUIDE TEENS THROUGH GROWING UP202411349349101286
2022Congregation Sherith Israel San Francisco, CAB$2,300paidTO PROVIDE RELIGIOUS GUIDANCE TO THE COMMUNITY202341359349105514
2022Jewish Family & Childrens Services - Eb Berkeley, CAU$1,500paidTO PROVIDE HUMAN SERVICE & HEALTHCARE PROGRAMS202341359349105514
2022Focusing Philanthropy Santa Monica, CAB$1,250paidTO SUPPORT THE WORK OF THE ORGANIZATION202341359349105514
2022Congregation Bnai Tikav Walnut Creek, CAU$1,000paidTO PROVIDE RELIGIOUS GUIDANCE TO THE COMMUNITY202341359349105514
2022American Jewish World Service New York, NYB$975paidTO PROVIDE ASSISTANCE WITH GLOBAL SOCIETAL PROGRAMS202341359349105514
2022Classroom of the Future San Diego, CAC$900paidTO SUPPORT THE WORK OF THE ORGANIZATION202341359349105514
2022A Step Beyond Escondido, CAB$850paidTO SUPPORT THE WORK OF THE ORGANIZATION202341359349105514
2022Jewish Family Services of San Diego San Diego, CAC$850paidTO PROVIDE HUMAN SERVICE & HEALTHCARE PROGRAMS202341359349105514
2022Feeding San Diego San Diego, CAB$850paidTO SUPPORT THE WORK OF THE ORGANIZATION202341359349105514
2022Jewish Family and Childrens Services Waltham, MAC$825paidTO PROVIDE HUMAN SERVICE & HEALTHCARE PROGRAMS202341359349105514
2022Clean Air Task Force Boston, MAB$800paidTO SUPPORT THE WORK OF THE ORGANIZATION202341359349105514
2022Kehilla Community Synagogue Oakland, CAD$650paidSHARE RICHES OF JUDAISM & ENCOURAGE SPIRITUALITY202341359349105514
2022Human Rights Center Berkeley, CAU$600paidTo conduct research on humanitarian law and human rights202341359349105514
2022Homeward Bound of Marin Novato, CAB$550paidTO SUPPORT THE WORK OF THE ORGANIZATION202341359349105514
2022Contra Costa Food Bank Concord, CAU$500paidTO REDUCE FOOD WASTE & INCREASE HUNGER AWARENESS202341359349105514
2022Medecins Sans Frontieres New York, NYD$500paidTO HELP PEOPLE WORLDWIDE WHERE THE NEED IS GREATEST, DELIVERING EMERGENCY MEDICAL AID TO PEOPLE AFFECTED BY CONFLICT, EPIDEMICS, DISASTERS OR EXCLUSION FROM HEALTH CARE202341359349105514
2022Sunrise Movement Educational Foundation Washington, DCD$400paidTO SUPPORT THE WORK OF THE ORGANIZATION202341359349105514
2022Senior Outreach Service Walnut Creek, CAD$300paidTO MAINTAIN HEALTH & WELLNESS SAFETY NETS FOR AGING PERSONS202341359349105514
2022Jewish Vocational & Career Counseling San Francisco, CAC$300paidTO BRING PEOPLE & WORK TOGETHER202341359349105514
2022Raphael House San Francisco, CAB$300paidTO HELP AT-RISK FAMILIES ACHIEVE STABLE HOUSING202341359349105514
2022East Bay Agency for Children Oakland, CAC$300paidFOR THE HEALTH & WELL BEING OF CHILDREN202341359349105514
2022American Civil Liberties Union Foundatio New York, NYU$250paidTO DEFEND & PRESERVE INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS & LIBERTIES IN THE UNITED STATES202341359349105514
2022Berkeley Emergency Food & Housing Projec Berkeley, CAU$250paidTO PROVIDE FOOD & SHELTER TO INDIGENT INDIVIDUALS202341359349105514
2022Contra Costa Midrasha Walnut Creek, CAC$150paidGUIDE TEENS THROUGH GROWING UP202341359349105514
2022Creative Community for Peace Los Angeles, CAU$100paidTo promote the arts as a bridge to peace202341359349105514
2020Congregation Sherith Israel San Francisco, CAB$2,500paidTO PROVIDE RELIGIOUS GUIDANCE TO THE COMMUNITY202133169349105258
2020Jewish Family & Childrens Services - Eb Berkeley, CAU$1,750paidTO PROVIDE HUMAN SERVICE & HEALTHCARE PROGRAMS202133169349105258
2020Focusing Philanthropy Santa Monica, CAB$1,550paidTO SUPPORT THE WORK OF THE ORGANIZATION202133169349105258
2020Jewish Family & Childrens Services San Francisco, CAB$1,300paidTO PROVIDE HUMAN SERVICE & HEALTHCARE PROGRAMS202133169349105258
2020Congregation Bnai Tikav Walnut Creek, CAU$1,250paidTO PROVIDE RELIGIOUS GUIDANCE TO THE COMMUNITY202133169349105258
2020Classroom of the Future San Diego, CAC$1,050paidTO SUPPORT THE WORK OF THE ORGANIZATION202133169349105258
2020A Step Beyond Escondido, CAB$1,000paidTO SUPPORT THE WORK OF THE ORGANIZATION202133169349105258
2020Jewish Family & Childrens Services Waltham, MAC$1,000paidTO PROVIDE HUMAN SERVICE & HEALTHCARE PROGRAMS202133169349105258
2020Feeding San Diego San Diego, CAB$1,000paidTO SUPPORT THE WORK OF THE ORGANIZATION202133169349105258
2020Jewish Family Services of San Diego San Diego, CAC$1,000paidTO PROVIDE HUMAN SERVICE & HEALTHCARE PROGRAMS202133169349105258
2020Clean Air Task Force Boston, MAB$1,000paidTO SUPPORT THE WORK OF THE ORGANIZATION202133169349105258
2020American Jewish World Service New York, NYB$1,000paidTO PROVIDE ASSISTANCE WITH GLOBAL SOCIETAL PROGRAMS202133169349105258
2020Kehilla Community Synagogue Oakland, CAD$650paidSHARE RICHES OF JUDAISM & ENCOURAGE SPIRITUALITY202133169349105258
2020Medecins Sans Frontieres New York, NYD$600paidTO HELP PEOPLE WORLDWIDE WHERE THE NEED IS GREATEST, DELIVERING EMERGENCY MEDICAL AID TO PEOPLE AFFECTED BY CONFLICT, EPIDEMICS, DISASTERS OR EXCLUSION FROM HEALTH CARE202133169349105258
2020Contra Costa Food Bank Concord, CAU$500paidTO REDUCE FOOD WASTE & INCREASE HUNGER AWARENESS202133169349105258
2020Sunrise Movement Educational Foundation Washington, DCD$500paidTO SUPPORT THE WORK OF THE ORGANIZATION202133169349105258
2020Jewish Vocational & Career Counseling San Francisco, CAC$400paidTO BRING PEOPLE & WORK TOGETHER202133169349105258
2020American Civil Liberties Union Foundatio New York, NYU$400paidTO DEFEND & PRESERVE INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS & LIBERTIES IN THE UNITED STATES202133169349105258
2020Senior Outreach Service Walnut Creek, CAD$400paidTO MAINTAIN HEALTH & WELLNESS SAFETY NETS FOR AGING PERSONS202133169349105258
2020Raphael House San Francisco, CAB$350paidTO HELP AT-RISK FAMILIES ACHIEVE STABLE HOUSING202133169349105258
2020East Bay Agency for Children Oakland, CAC$350paidFOR THE HEALTH & WELL BEING OF CHILDREN202133169349105258
2020Berkeley Emergency Food & Housing Projec Berkeley, CAU$300paidTO PROVIDE FOOD & SHELTER TO INDIGENT INDIVIDUALS202133169349105258
2020Homeward Bound of Marin Novato, CAB$250paidTO SUPPORT THE WORK OF THE ORGANIZATION202133169349105258
2020Contra Costa Midrasha Walnut Creek, CAC$150paidGUIDE TEENS THROUGH GROWING UP202133169349105258
2018Jewish Family & Childrens Services San Francisco, CAB$2,500paidTO PROVIDE HUMAN SERVICE & HEALTHCARE PROGRAMS201902719349100600
2018Jewish Family & Childrens Services - Eb Berkeley, CAU$1,750paidTO PROVIDE HUMAN SERVICE & HEALTHCARE PROGRAMS201902719349100600
2018Hebrew Day School San Diego, CAU$1,500paidTO PROVIDE SCHOLORSHIPS TO DESERVING STUDENTS201902719349100600
2018Congregation Bnai Tikav Walnut Creek, CAU$1,250paidTO PROVIDE RELIGIOUS GUIDANCE TO THE COMMUNITY201902719349100600
2018American Jewish World Service New York, NYB$1,000paidTO PROVIDE ASSISTANCE WITH GLOBAL SOCIETAL PROGRAMS201902719349100600
2018Jewish Family & Childrens Services Waltham, MAC$1,000paidTO PROVIDE HUMAN SERVICE & HEALTHCARE PROGRAMS201902719349100600
2018Mothers Against Drunk Driving San Diego, CAU$950paidTO END DRUNK DRIVING & SUPPORT THE VICTIMS201902719349100600
2018United Jewish Federation of San Diego San Diego, CAU$950paidTO HELP IMPROVE THE LIVES OF JEWISH PEOPLE201902719349100600
2018Congregation Sherith Israel San Francisco, CAB$900paidTO PROVIDE RELIGIOUS GUIDANCE TO THE COMMUNITY201902719349100600
2018American Civil Liberties Union Foundatio New York, NYU$750paidTO DEFEND & PRESERVE INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS & LIBERTIES IN THE UNITED STATES201902719349100600
2018Kehilla Community Synagogue Oakland, CAD$550paidSHARE RICHES OF JUDAISM & ENCOURAGE SPIRITUALITY201902719349100600
2018350org - Better Future Project Cambridge, MAU$500paidTO PROMOTE RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS201902719349100600
2018Horizons for Homeless Children Roxbury, MAB$500paidFOR THE ASSURANCE OF THE HEALTH & WELL BEING OF CHILDREN201902719349100600
2018Berkeley Emergency Food & Housing Projec Berkeley, CAU$300paidTO PROVIDE FOOD & SHELTER TO INDIGENT INDIVIDUALS201902719349100600
2018Medecins Sans Frontieres New York, NYD$300paidTO HELP PEOPLE WORLDWIDE WHERE THE NEED IS GREATEST, DELIVERING EMERGENCY MEDICAL AID TO PEOPLE AFFECTED BY CONFLICT, EPIDEMICS, DISASTERS OR EXCLUSION FROM HEALTH CARE201902719349100600
2018Direct Relief Santa Barbara, CAB$300paidTO IMPROVE THE HEALTH & LIVES OF PEOPLE AFFECTED BY POVERTY OR EMERGENCY SITUATIONS BY MOBILIZING & PROVIDING ESSENTIAL MEDICAL RESOURCES NEEDED FOR THEIR CARE201902719349100600
2018350org Brooklyn, NYU$300paidTO PROMOTE RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS201902719349100600
2018Jewish Vocational & Career Counseling San Francisco, CAC$300paidTO BRING PEOPLE & WORK TOGETHER201902719349100600
2018East Bay Agency for Children Oakland, CAC$250paidFOR THE HEALTH & WELL BEING OF CHILDREN201902719349100600
2018Contra Costa Midrasha Walnut Creek, CAC$250paidGUIDE TEENS THROUGH GROWING UP201902719349100600
2018Oxfam America Boston, MAB$200paidTO DEVELOP LASTING SOLUTIONS TO POVERTY & HUNGER201902719349100600
2018Contra Costa Food Bank Concord, CAU$150paidTO REDUCE FOOD WASTE & INCREASE HUNGER AWARENESS201902719349100600

Match tier: A Reported EIN · B Exact name and place · C Strong name match · D Probable name match · U Unresolved. Tiers C and D are inferred, not reported; see how matching works.

Recipient matching for this dataset version has not yet completed its independent precision check. Tier A rows carry the EIN the filer reported; tiers B–D are the matcher's inference and should be read as leads until the check is published on the methodology page.

Source filings

Every figure above is traceable to one of these IRS e-file returns by its OBJECT_ID.

Returns this page is derived from
FormTax yearPeriod endFiledSchemaIRS OBJECT_ID
990PF20242024-12-31not stated2024v5.1202511199349102256
990PF20232023-12-31not stated2023v5.0202411349349101286
990PF20222022-12-31not stated2022v5.0202341359349105514
990PF20202020-12-31not stated2020v4.0202133169349105258
990PF20182018-12-31not stated2018v3.1201902719349100600

Derived from IRS Form 990-PF e-file XML; recipient identities from the IRS Exempt Organizations Business Master File. Dataset version 2026.09.0, built 2026-09-03. The same rows as Parquet: manifest; as JSON: /api/funders/383133484.json.

The same organization elsewhere in the program: exempt status and filing health · federal awards · grant guidance · open opportunities.

This is informational only, derived from public data on the dates shown. It is not an eligibility determination, and not legal, tax, or accounting advice. Verify against the official source before relying on it.