funder-graph

FundersTN

Grants paid by The Samuel M Fleming Foundation

EIN 58-2026295 · Nashville, TN · Form 990-PF, Part XV

The Samuel M Fleming Foundation of Nashville, TN (EIN 58-2026295) reported 192 grants paid totaling $2,930,193 to 57 recipients in tax years 2018–2024, on Form 990-PF, Part XV. Derived from IRS e-file data, dataset version 2026.09.0, built 2026-09-03.

Grants paid

$2,930,193

192 grants

Recipients

57

distinct organizations

Tax years

2018–2024

5 filings in the corpus

By tax year

Grants by tax year, as the same figures
Tax yearGrants paidAmount paidApproved for future
201834$440,000
202034$525,081
202240$635,570
202342$614,542
202442$715,000

Top recipients

The 57 recipients receiving the most from The Samuel M Fleming Foundation, by grants paid, out of 57 distinct recipients.

Recipients ranked by total grants paid
RecipientMatchLocationGrantsTotal paidLatest year
Miss Porter's School 06-0646786BFarmington, CT5$415,0002024
Kipp Academy 20-2799123DNashville, TN5$285,0002024
Nashville Opera 62-1119830CNashville, TN5$180,0002024
Ensworth School 62-0598316CNashville, TN5$155,0002024
First Presbyterian ChurchUNashville, TN5$152,5002024
Heritage Foundation 58-1764982CFranklin, TN5$143,0002024
Teacher for AmericaUNashville, TN5$120,0002024
Cumberland Heights Foundation Inc 62-6050684BNashville, TN5$95,5002024
Friends of Warner Parks 62-1333658CNashville, TN4$90,0002024
Folds of Honor Foundation 75-3240683BOwasso, OK5$85,0002024
Vanderbilt 62-1565733CNashville, TN5$81,0002024
Nashville Symphony 62-0550979CNashville, TN5$77,0002024
Tennessee Golf Foundation 58-1893478BFranklin, TN5$67,0002024
YMCAUNashville, TN4$65,0002023
Battle Ground AcademyUFranklin, TN5$65,0002024
Nashville Ballet 58-1440788BNashville, TN5$62,0002024
TpacUNashville, TN4$59,0002024
Nashville Zoo 62-1411210BNashville, TN5$52,5002024
Harpeth Hall 62-0501916DNashville, TN5$50,0002024
Gilda's Club NashvilleUNashville, TN1$48,0002024
Montgomery Bell AcademyUNashville, TN4$47,0002024
Telomere ProjectUAustin, TX5$43,0002024
Gilda's ClubUNashville, TN4$35,0002023
Jordan Thomas Foundation 20-3498598BBrentwood, TN3$30,0002024
Jh Ranch 26-2267654DBirmingham, AL3$29,0002024
Monroe Carell Jr Childrens HospitalUNashville, TN3$28,0002024
Cheekwood Botanical Garden 62-0627921DNashville, TN5$27,5002024
Frist Center for the Visual Arts IncUNashville, TN5$25,0002024
The Martha O'bryan Center 62-0477728BNashville, TN5$23,5002024
Boys and Girls ClubUColumbia, TN5$21,0002024
Carnton PlantationUFranklin, TN4$20,0002023
Belle Meade Mansion 84-2454648BNashville, TN4$19,0002024
Thistle Farms 58-2050089BNashville, TN2$17,5002024
Backfield in Motion 62-1826603BNashville, TN4$17,5002024
Time to Rise 62-1570175BNashville, TN4$16,0002024
Texas Christian University 75-0827465CFort Worth, TX2$15,0002024
Golf Club of Tn Scholarship Fund 20-0255101DKingston Springs, TN5$14,0002024
Nashville Tree Foundation 62-1285871BNashville, TN3$13,5002024
Battle of Franklin Trust 27-0288159BFranklin, TN1$13,5002024
The Legion FundUBowling Green, KY2$13,0002024
US Women's Amateur Champ Charitable FdnUNashville, TN1$12,5002018
Hopekids Middle TennesseeUNashville, TN3$12,5002023
YMCA of Middle Tennessee 51-0196924DNashville, TN1$12,0002024
Washington & Lee UniversityULexington, VA2$10,0002024
Community Foundation of Middle TennesseeUNashville, TN1$10,0002023
Hands On Nashville 47-2647469DNashville, TN1$10,0002022
Monroe Carell Children's HospitalUNashville, TN1$10,0002018
Latc Parent Booster Club 47-3956486BHopkinsville, KY5$9,0002024
Community Foundation of South Central KyUBowling Green, KY1$5,0002020
Friends of Warner ParkUNashville, TN1$5,0002018
'26 ClubUFort Worth, TX1$5,0002024
HopekidsUNashville, TN1$3,5002024
Nashville Children's TheatreUNashville, TN1$2,5002018
Tpachot ProgramUNashville, TN1$2,5002018
Junior AchievementUNashville, TN1$2,5002018
Legion FundUNashville, TN1$2,5002018
K-1 Contributions - Diversified Trust CompanyUMemphis, TN3$1932023

Match tier: A Reported EIN · B Exact name and place · C Strong name match · D Probable name match · U Unresolved. Tiers C and D are inferred, not reported; see how matching works.

Every grant

All 192 grant rows this organization reported, most recent first.

Grants reported by The Samuel M Fleming Foundation
Tax yearRecipientMatchAmountTypePurposeSource filing
2024Miss Porter's School Farmington, CTB$85,000paidCHARITABLE202543009349100109
2024Kipp Academy Nashville, TND$70,000paidCHARITABLE202543009349100109
2024Teacher for America Nashville, TNU$50,000paidCHARITABLE202543009349100109
2024Gilda's Club Nashville Nashville, TNU$48,000paidCHARITABLE202543009349100109
2024Cumberland Heights Foundation Inc Nashville, TNB$48,000paidCHARITABLE202543009349100109
2024Tpac Nashville, TNU$44,000paidCHARITABLE202543009349100109
2024Heritage Foundation Franklin, TNC$38,000paidCHARITABLE202543009349100109
2024Nashville Opera Nashville, TNC$35,000paidCHARITABLE202543009349100109
2024First Presbyterian Church Nashville, TNU$32,500paidCHARITABLE202543009349100109
2024Ensworth School Nashville, TNC$20,000paidCHARITABLE202543009349100109
2024Folds of Honor Foundation Owasso, OKB$20,000paidCHARITABLE202543009349100109
2024Battle of Franklin Trust Franklin, TNB$13,500paidCHARITABLE202543009349100109
2024Montgomery Bell Academy Nashville, TNU$12,000paidCHARITABLE202543009349100109
2024Tennessee Golf Foundation Franklin, TNB$12,000paidCHARITABLE202543009349100109
2024YMCA of Middle Tennessee Nashville, TND$12,000paidCHARITABLE202543009349100109
2024Nashville Symphony Nashville, TNC$12,000paidCHARITABLE202543009349100109
2024Nashville Ballet Nashville, TNB$12,000paidCHARITABLE202543009349100109
2024Friends of Warner Parks Nashville, TNC$10,000paidCHARITABLE202543009349100109
2024Nashville Zoo Nashville, TNB$10,000paidCHARITABLE202543009349100109
2024Harpeth Hall Nashville, TND$10,000paidCHARITABLE202543009349100109
2024Jordan Thomas Foundation Brentwood, TNB$10,000paidCHARITABLE202543009349100109
2024Battle Ground Academy Franklin, TNU$10,000paidCHARITABLE202543009349100109
2024Jh Ranch Birmingham, ALD$9,000paidCHARITABLE202543009349100109
2024Monroe Carell Jr Childrens Hospital Nashville, TNU$8,000paidCHARITABLE202543009349100109
2024Telomere Project Austin, TXU$8,000paidCHARITABLE202543009349100109
2024The Legion Fund Bowling Green, KYU$8,000paidCHARITABLE202543009349100109
2024Thistle Farms Nashville, TNB$7,500paidCHARITABLE202543009349100109
2024Texas Christian University Fort Worth, TXC$5,000paidCHARITABLE202543009349100109
2024Frist Center for the Visual Arts Inc Nashville, TNU$5,000paidCHARITABLE202543009349100109
2024'26 Club Fort Worth, TXU$5,000paidCHARITABLE202543009349100109
2024Cheekwood Botanical Garden Nashville, TND$5,000paidCHARITABLE202543009349100109
2024Backfield in Motion Nashville, TNB$5,000paidCHARITABLE202543009349100109
2024Washington & Lee University Lexington, VAU$5,000paidCHARITABLE202543009349100109
2024Belle Meade Mansion Nashville, TNB$4,000paidCHARITABLE202543009349100109
2024The Martha O'bryan Center Nashville, TNB$3,500paidCHARITABLE202543009349100109
2024Hopekids Nashville, TNU$3,500paidCHARITABLE202543009349100109
2024Time to Rise Nashville, TNB$3,500paidCHARITABLE202543009349100109
2024Boys and Girls Club Columbia, TNU$3,500paidCHARITABLE202543009349100109
2024Vanderbilt Nashville, TNC$3,500paidCHARITABLE202543009349100109
2024Golf Club of Tn Scholarship Fund Kingston Springs, TND$3,500paidCHARITABLE202543009349100109
2024Nashville Tree Foundation Nashville, TNB$3,500paidCHARITABLE202543009349100109
2024Latc Parent Booster Club Hopkinsville, KYB$2,000paidCHARITABLE202543009349100109
2023Miss Porter's School Farmington, CTB$85,000paidCHARITABLE202423049349100212
2023Kipp Academy Nashville, TND$75,000paidCHARITABLE202423049349100212
2023Nashville Opera Nashville, TNC$40,000paidCHARITABLE202423049349100212
2023First Presbyterian Church Nashville, TNU$35,000paidCHARITABLE202423049349100212
2023Teacher for America Nashville, TNU$25,000paidCHARITABLE202423049349100212
2023Folds of Honor Owasso, OKC$25,000paidCHARITABLE202423049349100212
2023Ensworth School Nashville, TNC$25,000paidCHARITABLE202423049349100212
2023Battle Ground Academy Franklin, TNU$20,000paidCHARITABLE202423049349100212
2023Nashville Ballet Nashville, TNB$15,000paidCHARITABLE202423049349100212
2023Montgomery Bell Academy Nashville, TNU$15,000paidCHARITABLE202423049349100212
2023Nashville Symphony Nashville, TNC$15,000paidCHARITABLE202423049349100212
2023Tennessee Golf Foundation Franklin, TNB$15,000paidCHARITABLE202423049349100212
2023YMCA Nashville, TNU$15,000paidCHARITABLE202423049349100212
2023Friends of Warner Parks Nashville, TNC$15,000paidCHARITABLE202423049349100212
2023Gilda's Club Nashville, TNU$10,000paidCHARITABLE202423049349100212
2023Harpeth Hall School Nashville, TNB$10,000paidCHARITABLE202423049349100212
2023Jordan Thomas Foundation Brentwood, TNB$10,000paidCHARITABLE202423049349100212
2023Jh Ranch Birmingham, ALD$10,000paidCHARITABLE202423049349100212
2023Cumberland Heights Nashville, TNC$10,000paidCHARITABLE202423049349100212
2023Heritage Foundation Franklin, TNC$10,000paidCHARITABLE202423049349100212
2023Texas Christian University Fort Worth, TXC$10,000paidCHARITABLE202423049349100212
2023Telomere Project Austin, TXU$10,000paidCHARITABLE202423049349100212
2023Community Foundation of Middle Tennessee Nashville, TNU$10,000paidCHARITABLE202423049349100212
2023Thistle Farms Nashville, TNB$10,000paidCHARITABLE202423049349100212
2023Nashville Zoo Nashville, TNB$10,000paidCHARITABLE202423049349100212
2023Monroe Carell Jr Childrens Hospital Nashville, TNU$10,000paidCHARITABLE202423049349100212
2023Cheekwood Botanical Garden Nashville, TND$7,500paidCHARITABLE202423049349100212
2023Vanderbilt Nashville, TNC$5,000paidCHARITABLE202423049349100212
2023Washington & Lee University Lexington, VAU$5,000paidCHARITABLE202423049349100212
2023Boys and Girls Club Columbia, TNU$5,000paidCHARITABLE202423049349100212
2023Carnton Plantation Franklin, TNU$5,000paidCHARITABLE202423049349100212
2023The Martha O'bryan Center Nashville, TNB$5,000paidCHARITABLE202423049349100212
2023Tpac Nashville, TNU$5,000paidCHARITABLE202423049349100212
2023The Golf Club of Tn Scholarship Fund Kingston Springs, TND$5,000paidCHARITABLE202423049349100212
2023Backfield in Motion Nashville, TNB$5,000paidCHARITABLE202423049349100212
2023Belle Meade Plantation Nashville, TND$5,000paidCHARITABLE202423049349100212
2023Nashville Tree Foundation Nashville, TNB$5,000paidCHARITABLE202423049349100212
2023Hopekids Middle Tennessee Nashville, TNU$5,000paidCHARITABLE202423049349100212
2023Time to Rise Nashville, TNB$5,000paidCHARITABLE202423049349100212
2023Frist Center for the Visual Arts Nashville, TNU$5,000paidCHARITABLE202423049349100212
2023Latc Parent Booster Club Hopkinsville, KYB$2,000paidCHARITABLE202423049349100212
2023K-1 Contributions - Diversified Trust Company Memphis, TNU$42paidCHARITABLE202423049349100212
2022Miss Porter's School Farmington, CTB$85,000paidCHARITABLE202322979349101017
2022Friends of Warner Parks Nashville, TNC$60,000paidCHARITABLE202322979349101017
2022Vanderbilt Nashville, TNC$55,000paidCHARITABLE202322979349101017
2022Heritage Foundation Franklin, TNC$50,000paidCHARITABLE202322979349101017
2022Nashville Opera Nashville, TNC$40,000paidCHARITABLE202322979349101017
2022First Presbyterian Church Nashville, TNU$35,000paidCHARITABLE202322979349101017
2022Ensworth School Nashville, TNC$25,000paidCHARITABLE202322979349101017
2022Kipp Academy Nashville, TND$20,000paidCHARITABLE202322979349101017
2022Teacher for America Nashville, TNU$20,000paidCHARITABLE202322979349101017
2022Nashville Symphony Nashville, TNC$15,000paidCHARITABLE202322979349101017
2022YMCA Nashville, TNU$15,000paidCHARITABLE202322979349101017
2022Tennessee Golf Foundation Franklin, TNB$15,000paidCHARITABLE202322979349101017
2022Folds of Honor Owasso, OKC$15,000paidCHARITABLE202322979349101017
2022Telomere Project Austin, TXU$10,000paidCHARITABLE202322979349101017
2022Montgomery Bell Academy Nashville, TNU$10,000paidCHARITABLE202322979349101017
2022Monroe Carell Jr Childrens Hospital Nashville, TNU$10,000paidCHARITABLE202322979349101017
2022Jh Ranch Birmingham, ALD$10,000paidCHARITABLE202322979349101017
2022Jordan Thomas Foundation Brentwood, TNB$10,000paidCHARITABLE202322979349101017
2022Nashville Ballet Nashville, TNB$10,000paidCHARITABLE202322979349101017
2022Battle Ground Academy Franklin, TNU$10,000paidCHARITABLE202322979349101017
2022Cumberland Heights Nashville, TNC$10,000paidCHARITABLE202322979349101017
2022Nashville Zoo Nashville, TNB$10,000paidCHARITABLE202322979349101017
2022Gilda's Club Nashville, TNU$10,000paidCHARITABLE202322979349101017
2022Hands On Nashville Nashville, TND$10,000paidCHARITABLE202322979349101017
2022Harpeth Hall School Nashville, TNB$10,000paidCHARITABLE202322979349101017
2022Boys and Girls Club Columbia, TNU$5,000paidCHARITABLE202322979349101017
2022Legion Fund Bowling Green, KYU$5,000paidCHARITABLE202322979349101017
2022The Martha O'bryan Center Nashville, TNB$5,000paidCHARITABLE202322979349101017
2022Backfield in Motion Nashville, TNB$5,000paidCHARITABLE202322979349101017
2022Frist Center for the Visual Arts Nashville, TNU$5,000paidCHARITABLE202322979349101017
2022Nashville Tree Foundation Nashville, TNB$5,000paidCHARITABLE202322979349101017
2022Carnton Plantation Franklin, TNU$5,000paidCHARITABLE202322979349101017
2022Tpac Nashville, TNU$5,000paidCHARITABLE202322979349101017
2022Belle Meade Plantation Nashville, TND$5,000paidCHARITABLE202322979349101017
2022Time to Rise Nashville, TNB$5,000paidCHARITABLE202322979349101017
2022Cheekwood Botanical Garden Nashville, TND$5,000paidCHARITABLE202322979349101017
2022Hopekids Middle Tennessee Nashville, TNU$5,000paidCHARITABLE202322979349101017
2022The Golf Club of Tn Scholarship Fund Kingston Springs, TND$3,500paidCHARITABLE202322979349101017
2022Latc Parent Booster Club Hopkinsville, KYB$2,000paidCHARITABLE202322979349101017
2022K-1 Contributions - Diversified Trust Company Memphis, TNU$70paidCHARITABLE202322979349101017
2020Miss Porter's School Farmington, CTB$85,000paidCHARITABLE202133059349100723
2020Kipp Academy Nashville, TND$60,000paidCHARITABLE202133059349100723
2020Nashville Opera Nashville, TNC$40,000paidCHARITABLE202133059349100723
2020Heritage Foundation Franklin, TNC$35,000paidCHARITABLE202133059349100723
2020First Presbyterian Church Nashville, TNU$30,000paidCHARITABLE202133059349100723
2020Nashville Symphony Nashville, TNC$25,000paidCHARITABLE202133059349100723
2020Ensworth School Nashville, TNC$20,000paidCHARITABLE202133059349100723
2020YMCA Nashville, TNU$20,000paidCHARITABLE202133059349100723
2020Battle Ground Academy Franklin, TNU$20,000paidCHARITABLE202133059349100723
2020Nashville Zoo Nashville, TNB$17,500paidCHARITABLE202133059349100723
2020Tennessee Golf Foundation Franklin, TNB$15,000paidCHARITABLE202133059349100723
2020Teacher for America Nashville, TNU$15,000paidCHARITABLE202133059349100723
2020Folds of Honor Owasso, OKC$15,000paidCHARITABLE202133059349100723
2020Vanderbilt Nashville, TNC$15,000paidCHARITABLE202133059349100723
2020Harpeth Hall School Nashville, TNB$10,000paidCHARITABLE202133059349100723
2020Gilda's Club Nashville, TNU$10,000paidCHARITABLE202133059349100723
2020Telomere Project Austin, TXU$10,000paidCHARITABLE202133059349100723
2020Cumberland Heights Nashville, TNC$10,000paidCHARITABLE202133059349100723
2020Nashville Ballet Nashville, TNB$10,000paidCHARITABLE202133059349100723
2020Montgomery Bell Academy Nashville, TNU$10,000paidCHARITABLE202133059349100723
2020The Martha O'bryan Center Nashville, TNB$5,000paidCHARITABLE202133059349100723
2020Boys and Girls Club Columbia, TNU$5,000paidCHARITABLE202133059349100723
2020Carnton Plantation Franklin, TNU$5,000paidCHARITABLE202133059349100723
2020Belle Meade Plantation Nashville, TND$5,000paidCHARITABLE202133059349100723
2020Cheekwood Botanical Garden Nashville, TND$5,000paidCHARITABLE202133059349100723
2020Tpac Nashville, TNU$5,000paidCHARITABLE202133059349100723
2020Community Foundation of South Central Ky Bowling Green, KYU$5,000paidCHARITABLE202133059349100723
2020Frist Center for the Visual Arts Nashville, TNU$5,000paidCHARITABLE202133059349100723
2020Friends of Warner Parks Nashville, TNC$5,000paidCHARITABLE202133059349100723
2020Hopekids Middle Tennessee Nashville, TNU$2,500paidCHARITABLE202133059349100723
2020Backfield in Motion Nashville, TNB$2,500paidCHARITABLE202133059349100723
2020Latc Parent Booster Club Hopkinsville, KYB$1,500paidCHARITABLE202133059349100723
2020The Golf Club of Tn Scholarship Fund Kingston Springs, TND$1,000paidCHARITABLE202133059349100723
2020K-1 Contributions - Diversified Trust Company Memphis, TNU$81paidCHARITABLE202133059349100723
2018Miss Porter's School Farmington, CTB$75,000paidCHARITABLE201902829349100305
2018Ensworth School Nashville, TNC$65,000paidCHARITABLE201902829349100305
2018Kipp Academy Nashville, TND$60,000paidCHARITABLE201902829349100305
2018Nashville Opera Nashville, TNC$25,000paidCHARITABLE201902829349100305
2018First Presbyterian Church Nashville, TNU$20,000paidCHARITABLE201902829349100305
2018Cumberland Heights Nashville, TNC$17,500paidCHARITABLE201902829349100305
2018Nashville Ballet Nashville, TNB$15,000paidCHARITABLE201902829349100305
2018YMCA Nashville, TNU$15,000paidCHARITABLE201902829349100305
2018US Women's Amateur Champ Charitable Fdn Nashville, TNU$12,500paidCHARITABLE201902829349100305
2018Harpeth Hall School Nashville, TNB$10,000paidCHARITABLE201902829349100305
2018Teacher for America Nashville, TNU$10,000paidCHARITABLE201902829349100305
2018Tennessee Golf Foundation Franklin, TNB$10,000paidCHARITABLE201902829349100305
2018Nashville Symphony Nashville, TNC$10,000paidCHARITABLE201902829349100305
2018Monroe Carell Children's Hospital Nashville, TNU$10,000paidCHARITABLE201902829349100305
2018Heritage Foundation Franklin, TNC$10,000paidCHARITABLE201902829349100305
2018Folds of Honor Owasso, OKC$10,000paidCHARITABLE201902829349100305
2018Gilda's Club Nashville, TNU$5,000paidCHARITABLE201902829349100305
2018Telomere Project Austin, TXU$5,000paidCHARITABLE201902829349100305
2018Battle Ground Academy Franklin, TNU$5,000paidCHARITABLE201902829349100305
2018Cheekwood Botanical Garden Nashville, TND$5,000paidCHARITABLE201902829349100305
2018Friends of Warner Park Nashville, TNU$5,000paidCHARITABLE201902829349100305
2018Nashville Zoo Nashville, TNB$5,000paidCHARITABLE201902829349100305
2018Carnton Plantation Franklin, TNU$5,000paidCHARITABLE201902829349100305
2018The Martha O'bryan Center Nashville, TNB$5,000paidCHARITABLE201902829349100305
2018Frist Center for the Visual Arts Nashville, TNU$5,000paidCHARITABLE201902829349100305
2018Vanderbilt Nashville, TNC$2,500paidCHARITABLE201902829349100305
2018Tpachot Program Nashville, TNU$2,500paidCHARITABLE201902829349100305
2018Boys and Girls Club Columbia, TNU$2,500paidCHARITABLE201902829349100305
2018Time to Rise Nashville, TNC$2,500paidCHARITABLE201902829349100305
2018Legion Fund Nashville, TNU$2,500paidCHARITABLE201902829349100305
2018Nashville Children's Theatre Nashville, TNU$2,500paidCHARITABLE201902829349100305
2018Junior Achievement Nashville, TNU$2,500paidCHARITABLE201902829349100305
2018Latc Parent Booster Club Hopkinsville, KYB$1,500paidCHARITABLE201902829349100305
2018The Golf Club of Tn Scholarship Fund Kingston Springs, TND$1,000paidCHARITABLE201902829349100305

Match tier: A Reported EIN · B Exact name and place · C Strong name match · D Probable name match · U Unresolved. Tiers C and D are inferred, not reported; see how matching works.

Recipient matching for this dataset version has not yet completed its independent precision check. Tier A rows carry the EIN the filer reported; tiers B–D are the matcher's inference and should be read as leads until the check is published on the methodology page.

Source filings

Every figure above is traceable to one of these IRS e-file returns by its OBJECT_ID.

Returns this page is derived from
FormTax yearPeriod endFiledSchemaIRS OBJECT_ID
990PF20242024-12-31not stated2024v5.2202543009349100109
990PF20232023-12-31not stated2023v5.1202423049349100212
990PF20222022-12-31not stated2022v5.0202322979349101017
990PF20202020-12-31not stated2020v4.1202133059349100723
990PF20182018-12-31not stated2018v3.1201902829349100305

Derived from IRS Form 990-PF e-file XML; recipient identities from the IRS Exempt Organizations Business Master File. Dataset version 2026.09.0, built 2026-09-03. The same rows as Parquet: manifest; as JSON: /api/funders/582026295.json.

The same organization elsewhere in the program: exempt status and filing health · federal awards · grant guidance · open opportunities.

This is informational only, derived from public data on the dates shown. It is not an eligibility determination, and not legal, tax, or accounting advice. Verify against the official source before relying on it.