funder-graph

FundersNYCullen Foundation of Western New York Inc › 2024

Grants paid by Cullen Foundation of Western New York Inc, tax year 2024

EIN 87-0849992 · Buffalo, NY · Form 990-PF, Part XV · NTEE T22

In tax year 2024, Cullen Foundation of Western New York Inc (EIN 87-0849992) reported 121 grants paid totaling $5,188,072. Dataset version 2026.09.0, built 2026-09-03.

20232024

Every grant, 2024

Grants reported by Cullen Foundation of Western New York Inc for tax year 2024
Tax yearRecipientMatchAmountTypePurposeSource filing
2024Tntp New York, NYB$400,000paidGEN OP: BUFFALO URBAN TEACHING FELLOWS PRGM202543219349104914
2024Say Yes Buffalo Scholarship Inc Buffalo, NYB$325,000paidPROGRAM SUPPORT: 2024 SAY YES SUMMER CAMP202543219349104914
2024Education Collaborative of Wny Buffalo, NYB$213,050paidCULLEN SCHOLARS 2024-2025 TUITION SUPPORT202543219349104914
2024Brick Education Network Newark, NJU$200,000paidBRICK BUFFALO ACADEMY CHARTER SCHOOL START UP FUNDS202543219349104914
2024Read to Succeed Buffalo Buffalo, NYB$150,000approved, futurePROGRAM FUNDS: EXPERIENCE CORPS BUFFALO202543219349104914
2024Chapin Hall Center for Children Chicago, ILC$149,533paid2024-25 EXTERNAL EVALUATION OF CULLEN SAP GRANTEES202543219349104914
2024University District Community Development Association Inc Buffalo, NYB$120,000approved, futurePROGRAM FUNDS FOR SUPPLEMENTAL ACADEMIC PROGRAM202543219349104914
2024Buffalo Commons Charter School Buffalo, NYB$115,884paidBUFFALO COMMONS EARLY LITERACY CURRICULUM202543219349104914
2024Brick Education Network Newark, NJU$111,790paidEARLY LITERACY PROGRAM CURRICULUM AT BRICK BUFFALO202543219349104914
2024Persistence Preparatory Academy Charter School Buffalo, NYB$101,900paidLETRS TRAINING; TEACHERS PD; LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT202543219349104914
2024Buffalo Philharmonic Orchestra Buffalo, NYU$100,000paidGENERAL OPERATING SUPPORT 2022-2024202543219349104914
2024City Year Inc Boston, MAB$100,000paidGENERAL OPERATING SY 2024-25202543219349104914
2024Persistence Preparatory Academy Charter School Buffalo, NYB$100,000paidEARLY LITERACY TUTORING COHORT SY24-25202543219349104914
2024Buffalo Academy of Science Buffalo, NYD$90,000paidBUFFSCI EARLY COLLEGE PROGRAM FUNDS202543219349104914
2024Achieving the Dream Inc Silver Spring, MDB$83,850paidFACILITATE BUFFALO CHARTER EARLY COLLEGE COHORT202543219349104914
2024The Bison Children's Scholarship Fund Inc Buffalo, NYB$83,210paidTUITION SUPPORT FOR CULLEN SCHOLARS 2024-25202543219349104914
2024Tntp New York, NYB$82,500paidBUTF FELLOWS SUPPORT (COHORT 2)202543219349104914
2024Colored Musicians Club of Buffalo Buffalo, NYC$80,000approved, futureGENERAL OPERATING: SALARY SUPPORT202543219349104914
2024Neglia Ballet Artists Buffalo, NYU$80,000approved, futureGENERAL OPERATING202543219349104914
2024City Year Inc Boston, MAB$75,809paidGENERAL OPERATING & ACE STIPENDS SY 2024-25202543219349104914
2024Read to Succeed Buffalo Buffalo, NYB$75,000paidPROGRAM FUNDS: EXPERIENCE CORPS BUFFALO202543219349104914
2024Shaw Festival Foundation Buffalo, NYB$75,000paidGEN OPERATING: RE-ENGAGING WNY AUDIENCES202543219349104914
2024Riviera Theatre North Tonawanda, NYU$75,000paidCAPITAL FUNDS: THEATRE RENOVATION AND EXPANSION202543219349104914
2024Charter School for Applied Technologies Buffalo, NYB$75,000paidPROGRAM FUNDS: EARLY COLLEGE & CAREER PATHWAYS202543219349104914
2024Canisius College Buffalo, NYU$61,476paidTUITON SUPPORT FOR BUTF 2024 FELLOWS (COHORT 2)202543219349104914
2024The Service Collaborative of Wny Inc Buffalo, NYB$60,000paidPROGRAM FUNDS: ABLE EARLY CHILDHOOD PRGM202543219349104914
2024University District Community Development Association Inc Buffalo, NYB$60,000paidPROGRAM FUNDS FOR SUPPLEMENTAL ACADEMIC PROGRAM202543219349104914
2024Buffalo City Swim Racers Buffalo, NYU$54,200approved, futurePROGRAMS FUNDS: CITY SWIM PROJECT202543219349104914
2024Canisius College Buffalo, NYU$51,403paidTUITION SUPPORT FOR 2023 BUTF FELLOWS (COHORT 1)202543219349104914
2024Bestself Behavioral Health Inc Buffalo, NYC$50,000approved, futureAFTER-SCHOOL PROJECT-BASED LEARNING TEACHER INTERN PRGM202543219349104914
2024The King Urban Life Center Buffalo, NYB$50,000paidPROGRAM FUNDS: EXPANSION OF PARENT CHILD + PRGM202543219349104914
2024Buffalo City Swim Racers Buffalo, NYU$50,000paidPROGRAMS FUNDS: CITY SWIM PROJECT202543219349104914
2024Northeast Charter Schools Network New Haven, CTU$50,000paidBUFFALO CHARTER SCHOOLSL ENROLLMENT COLLABORATION (COMMON APP)202543219349104914
2024Wedi Buffalo Buffalo, NYU$50,000paidPROGRAM FUNDS FOR SUPPLEMENTAL ACADEMIC PROGRAM202543219349104914
2024Springville Center for the Arts Springville, NYB$50,000paidPROGRAM FUNDS: MONGERSON THEATER BLAST OFF202543219349104914
2024Bestself Behavioral Health Inc Buffalo, NYC$50,000paidAFTER-SCHOOL PROJECT-BASED LEARNING TEACHER INTERN PRGM202543219349104914
2024Kenan Center Inc Lockport, NYB$50,000approved, futurePROGRAM FUNDS: RETURN TO PRODUCING THEATRE202543219349104914
2024Shakespeare in Delaware Park Inc Buffalo, NYB$50,000paidGENERAL OPERATING: SUPPORT FOR FREE PUBLIC THEATER202543219349104914
2024Enterprise Charter School Buffalo, NYB$47,302paidEARLY LITERACY TUTORING COHORT SPRING 2024 PILOT202543219349104914
2024Artpark & Company Inc Lewiston, NYB$45,000paidGENERAL OPERATING SUPPORT 2024 - 2026202543219349104914
2024Persistence Preparatory Academy Charter School Buffalo, NYB$45,000paidPROGRAM FUNDS: BUFFALO CHARTER SCHOOL TALENT COHORT202543219349104914
2024Buffalo State College Foundation Inc Buffalo, NYB$44,303paidTUITION SUPPORT FOR BUTF 2024 FELLOWS (COHORT 2)202543219349104914
2024Buffalo Prep Buffalo, NYB$42,000paidCULLEN SCHOLARS' PARTICIPATION IN BP FOR SY 2024-25202543219349104914
2024Buffalo Prep Buffalo, NYB$40,000paidPROGRAM FUNDS: SUPPLEMENTAL ACADEMIC PROGRAMS202543219349104914
2024Buffalo Hearing & Speech Center Buffalo, NYU$40,000paidPROGRAM FUNDS: LANGUAGE TO LITERACY PROGRAM202543219349104914
2024Colored Musicians Club of Buffalo Buffalo, NYC$40,000paidGENERAL OPERATING: SALARY SUPPORT202543219349104914
2024Arts at the Bakery (west Falls Ctr for the Arts) West Falls, NYU$40,000approved, futurePROGRAM FUNDS FOR EXPANSION OF PERFORMANCES & AUDIENCES202543219349104914
2024Nusantara Arts Inc Buffalo, NYC$40,000approved, futurePROGRAM FUNDS: EXPANDING BALINESE MUSIC ACCESS202543219349104914
2024Learning Disabilities Association of Western New York Kenmore, NYC$40,000paidPROGRAM FUNDS FOR SUPPLEMENTAL ACADEMIC PROGRAM (LEAD716)202543219349104914
2024Irish Classical Theatre Company Buffalo, NYC$40,000paidGEN OPERATING FOR AUDIENCE DEVELOPMENT202543219349104914
2024Peace of the City Ministries Buffalo, NYB$40,000paidPROGRAM FUNDS: TUTORING, LITERACY, MATHEMATICS202543219349104914
2024Neglia Ballet Artists Buffalo, NYU$40,000paidGENERAL OPERATING202543219349104914
2024Horizons National Westport, CTU$40,000paidPROGRAM FUNDS FOR HORIZONS AT RESOURCE COUNCIL OF WNY202543219349104914
2024United Way of Buffalo & Erie County Buffalo, NYB$39,500paidRELAY TEACHER TRAINING FOR BUFFALO PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS202543219349104914
2024Roswell Park Alliance Buffalo, NYD$35,000paidPROGRAM FUNDS FOR SUPPLEMENTAL ACADEMIC PROGRAM (OUR STORY)202543219349104914
2024D'youville College Buffalo, NYB$35,000paidPATRON SERVICES POSITION AT KAVINOKY THEATRE202543219349104914
2024Burchfield Penney Art Center Buffalo, NYB$35,000paidPERFORMING ARTS PROGRAMMING AT BPAC202543219349104914
2024Reach Academy Charter School Buffalo, NYB$34,160paidEARLY LITERACY TUTORING COHORT SPRING 2024 PILOT202543219349104914
2024Persistence Preparatory Academy Charter School Buffalo, NYB$32,500paidEARLY LITERACY TUTORING COHORT: SPRING 2024 PILOT202543219349104914
2024Read to Succeed Buffalo Buffalo, NYB$30,746paidEARLY LITERACY TUTORING COHORT SY24-25202543219349104914
2024Reach Academy Charter School Buffalo, NYB$30,089paidEARLY LITERACY TUTORING COHORT SY24-25202543219349104914
2024Be-a-Friend Program Inc Buffalo, NYB$30,000paidHS BIGS MENTORING AT TAPESTRY CHARTER SCHOOL202543219349104914
2024Valley Community Association Inc Buffalo, NYB$30,000paidPROGRAM FUNDS FOR SUPPLEMENTAL ACADEMIC PROGRAM202543219349104914
2024Erie Regional Housing Development Corporation DBA the Belle Center Buffalo, NYD$30,000paidPROGRAM SUPPORT FOR SUPPLEMENTAL ACADEMIC PROGRAM202543219349104914
2024Rural Outreach Center East Aurora, NYB$30,000paidPROGRAM SUPPORT FOR SUPPLEMENTAL ACADEMIC PROGRAM202543219349104914
2024Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute Buffalo, NYB$30,000paidPROGRAM SUPPORT FOR SUPPLEMENTAL ACADEMIC PROGRAM202543219349104914
2024Alleyway Theatre Buffalo, NYB$30,000paidGENERAL OPERATING FOR SALARY RESTRUCTURING202543219349104914
2024Be-a-Friend Program Inc Buffalo, NYB$30,000approved, futureHS BIGS MENTORING AT TAPESTRY CHARTER SCHOOL202543219349104914
2024University of Southern California Los Angeles, CAU$29,957paidBUFFALO URBAN TEACHING FELLOWS EVALUATION YEAR 2202543219349104914
2024University of Southern California Los Angeles, CAU$29,957paidBUFFALO URBAN TEACHING FELLOWS EVALUATION YEAR 2202543219349104914
2024Enterprise Charter School Buffalo, NYB$28,700paidEARLY LITERACY TUTORING COHORT SY24-25202543219349104914
2024South Buffalo Charter School Buffalo, NYB$27,659paidEARLY LITERACY TUTORING PROGRAM: PILOT SPRING 2024202543219349104914
2024King Center Charter School Buffalo, NYB$27,552paidEARLY LITERACY TUTORING COHORT SPRING 2024 PILOT202543219349104914
2024Collaborative Center for Social Innovation Lancaster, NYB$25,000approved, futurePROGRAM SUPPORT FOR SUPPLEMENTAL ACADEMIC PRGM (STEM)202543219349104914
2024Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences Buffalo, NYB$25,000paidSCIENCE PROGRAMMING FOR STUDENTS GRADES 1 TO 4202543219349104914
2024Karen Society of Buffalo Buffalo, NYB$25,000paidPROGRAM SUPPORT FOR SUPPLEMENTAL ACADEMIC PROGRAM202543219349104914
2024Collaborative Center for Social Innovation Lancaster, NYB$25,000paidPROGRAM SUPPORT FOR SUPPLEMENTAL ACADEMIC PRGM (STEM)202543219349104914
2024Afterschool Alliance Washington, DCB$25,000approved, futurePROGRAM FUNDS: AMERICA AFTER 3PM WNY202543219349104914
2024Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute Buffalo, NYB$25,000approved, futurePROGRAM SUPPORT FOR SUPPLEMENTAL ACADEMIC PROGRAM202543219349104914
2024Ujima Company Inc Buffalo, NYB$25,000paidPROGRAM FUNDS FOR PERFORMANCES202543219349104914
2024716 Squash Buffalo, NYB$25,000paidPROGRAM FUNDS: COLLEGE AND CAREER PATHWAYS202543219349104914
2024Northeast Charter Schools Network New Haven, CTU$25,000approved, futureBUFFALO CHARTERS ENROLLMENT PROJECT202543219349104914
2024West Side Community Services Inc Buffalo, NYB$25,000paidPROGRAM FUNDS FOR SUPPLEMENTAL ACADEMIC PROGRAM202543219349104914
2024Roswell Park Alliance Buffalo, NYD$25,000approved, futurePROGRAM FUNDS FOR SUPPLEMENTAL ACADEMIC PROGRAM (OUR STORY)202543219349104914
2024Erie Regional Housing Development Corporation DBA the Belle Center Buffalo, NYD$25,000approved, futurePROGRAM SUPPORT FOR SUPPLEMENTAL ACADEMIC PROGRAM202543219349104914
2024Kenan Center Inc Lockport, NYB$25,000paidPROGRAM FUNDS: RETURN TO PRODUCING THEATRE202543219349104914
2024Cleveland Playhouse Cleveland, OHC$25,000paidPERFORMANCES FOR A CAREING COMMUNITY IN WNY202543219349104914
2024Tntp New York, NYB$22,400paidTNTP INSIGHT SURVEY 2024 FOR BFLO CHARTER SCHOOLS202543219349104914
2024Buffalo Philharmonic Chorus Buffalo, NYB$20,000paidGEN OPERATING FUNDS202543219349104914
2024Nusantara Arts Inc Buffalo, NYC$20,000paidPROGRAM FUNDS: EXPANDING BALINESE MUSIC ACCESS202543219349104914
2024Lancaster Opera House Lancaster, NYU$20,000paidGENERAL OPERATING; STAFFING202543219349104914
2024Arts at the Bakery (west Falls Ctr for the Arts) West Falls, NYU$20,000paidPROGRAM FUNDS FOR EXPANSION OF PERFORMANCES & AUDIENCES202543219349104914
2024Lancaster Opera House Lancaster, NYU$20,000approved, futureGENERAL OPERATING; STAFFING202543219349104914
2024City Year Inc Boston, MAB$19,623paidGENERAL OPERATING & ACE STIPENDS SY 2024-25202543219349104914
2024Daemen College - Ignite Amherst, NYU$19,166paidTUITION SUPPORT FOR BUTF 2024 FELLOWS (COHORT 2)202543219349104914
2024Buffalo State College Foundation Inc Buffalo, NYB$19,019paidTUITION SUPPORT FOR 2023 BUTF FELLOWS (COHORT 1)202543219349104914
2024New York Council of Nonprofits Inc Menands, NYB$18,536paidCAPACITY BLDG: TRAININGS FOR GRANTEES202543219349104914
2024South Buffalo Charter School Buffalo, NYB$17,845paidEARLY LITERACY TUTORING PROGRAM: SY24-25202543219349104914
2024Zoological Society of Buffalo Inc Buffalo, NYB$17,000paidPROGRAM FUNDS: LIFE SCIENCE CAREER LAB FOR HS STUDENTS202543219349104914
2024Niagara University Niagara University, NYB$16,058paidTUITION SUPPORT FOR BUTF 2024 FELLOWS (COHORT 2)202543219349104914
2024YMCA Buffalo Niagara Buffalo, NYB$16,000approved, futurePROGRAM FUNDS: SUMMER LEARNING LOSS PREVENTION PRGM202543219349104914
2024YMCA Buffalo Niagara Buffalo, NYB$16,000paidPROGRAM FUNDS: SUMMER LEARNING LOSS PREVENTION PRGM202543219349104914
2024Buffalo Niagara Waterkeeper Buffalo, NYB$15,000paidPROGRAM FUNDS: BFLO YOUNG ENVIRONMENTAL LEADERS PRGM202543219349104914
2024The Teacher's Desk Buffalo, NYB$15,000paidRESOURCES AND SUPPLIES FOR WNY TEACHERS & STUDENTS202543219349104914
2024Buffalo State College Foundation Inc Buffalo, NYB$15,000paidPROGRAM SUPPORT FOR ROCKWELL HALL PUBLIC PERF SERIES202543219349104914
2024Buffalo State College Foundation Inc Buffalo, NYB$15,000paidEVALUATING AFPS STORY-BASED SCHOOL PRGM202543219349104914
2024Buffalo Academy of Science Buffalo, NYD$15,000paidGROW YOUR OWN TEACHER PROGRAM FUNDS SY 2024-25202543219349104914
2024YWCA of Wny Inc Buffalo, NYU$15,000paidCAPACITY BLDG: DEV LOGIC MODEL & DATABASE FOR PROGRAMS202543219349104914
2024Police Athletic League of Buffalo Inc Buffalo, NYB$15,000paidPROGRAM FUNDS: STAR LITERACY PROGRAM202543219349104914
2024Buffalo Opera Unlimited Buffalo, NYC$15,000paidGEN OPERATING: ARTISTIC DIRECTOR FUNDING202543219349104914
2024Research Foundation for State University of New York (ub) New York, NYD$15,000paidCAPACITY BLDG FOR BRAINY BULLS TUTORING PRGM202543219349104914
2024Elmwood Village Charter School Buffalo, NYC$15,000paidPROGRAM FUNDS: BUFFALO CHARTER SCHOOL TALENT COHORT202543219349104914
2024Second Generation Theatre Company Inc Buffalo, NYC$15,000paid2024-2025 SEASON AT THE SHEA'S SMITH AND 2025-2026 SEASON202543219349104914
2024Second Generation Theatre Company Inc Buffalo, NYC$15,000approved, future2024-2025 SEASON AT THE SHEA'S SMITH AND 2025-2026 SEASON202543219349104914
2024Compeer of Greater Buffalo Buffalo, NYU$15,000paidCAPACITY BLDG FUNDS: SCHOOL-BASED MENTORING PROGRAM202543219349104914
2024Education Collaborative of Wny Buffalo, NYB$13,250paidCULLEN SCHOLARS 2024-2025 TUITION SUPPORT202543219349104914
2024Tapestry Charter School Buffalo, NYB$12,524paidGROW YOUR OWN PROGRAM FOR HS STUDENTS 2024-25202543219349104914
2024Canisius College Buffalo, NYU$12,500paidGROW YOUR OWN TEACHER PRGM WITH TAPESTRY & BUFFSCI SY 2024-25202543219349104914
2024Niagara University Niagara University, NYB$11,718paidTUITION SUPPORT FOR BUTF 2023 FELLOWS (COHORT 1)202543219349104914
2024Starring Buffalo Inc Amherst, NYB$10,000paidCAPACITY BUILDING: SUPPORT OF STAFF POSITIONS202543219349104914
2024Project Mona's House Buffalo, NYB$10,000paidCAPACITY BLDG FOR YOUNG WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT ACADEMY202543219349104914
2024Buffalo Center for Arts and Technology Buffalo, NYD$10,000paidYOUTH ARTS & TECH PRGM: CONTINUING TO BUILD DATA CAPACITY202543219349104914
2024Just Buffalo Literary Center Buffalo, NYB$10,000approved, futurePROGRAM FUNDS FOR SILO CITY READING SERIES202543219349104914
2024Roycrofters at-Large Association Inc East Aurora, NYB$10,000approved, futurePROGRAM FUNDS: ROYCROFT CHAMBER MUSIC FESTIVAL202543219349104914
2024Young Audiences Wny Buffalo, NYU$10,000paidPROGRAM FUNDS FOR FREE FAMILY-FRIENDLY PERFORMANCES202543219349104914
2024Jewish Community Center of Greater Buffalo Getzville, NYB$10,000paidPRGM FUNDS FOR SPECIAL ENGAGEMENT PERFORMANCES JRT202543219349104914
2024Theatre of Youth Company Inc Buffalo, NYB$10,000paidCAPACITY BLDG: STRATEGIC PLANNING202543219349104914
2024Wny Public Broadcasting Association Buffalo, NYU$10,000paidPROGRAM FUNDS: FREE MUSIC PERFORMANCE SERIES202543219349104914
2024Canisius College Buffalo, NYU$9,976paidTUITON SUPPORT FOR BUTF 2024 FELLOWS (COHORT 2)202543219349104914
2024Camerata Di Sant'antonio Buffalo, NYU$9,418approved, futurePROGRAM SUPPORT FOR PUBLIC PERFORMANCES202543219349104914
2024Read to Succeed Buffalo Buffalo, NYB$9,210paidEARLY LITERACY TUTORING PILOT AT PRIMARY HALL CS202543219349104914
2024Relay Graduate School of Education New York, NYC$9,083paidTUITION SUPPORT FOR 2023 BUTF FELLOWS (COHORT 1)202543219349104914
2024Relay Graduate School of Education New York, NYC$8,845paidTUITION SUPPORT FOR 2023 BUTF FELLOWS (COHORT 1)202543219349104914
2024Olv Charities Lackawanna, NYU$7,310paidCAPACITY BUILDING FOR STEM PROGRAM202543219349104914
2024Relay Graduate School of Education New York, NYC$6,858paidTUITION SUPPORT FOR 2023 BUTF FELLOWS (COHORT 1)202543219349104914
2024Buffalo State College Foundation Inc Buffalo, NYB$6,502paidTUITION SUPPORT FOR BUTF 2024 FELLOWS (COHORT 2)202543219349104914
2024Buffalo City Swim Racers Buffalo, NYU$6,300paidPROGRAMS FUNDS: CITY SWIM PROJECT202543219349104914
2024Just Buffalo Literary Center Buffalo, NYB$5,000paidPROGRAM FUNDS FOR SILO CITY READING SERIES202543219349104914
2024Vocalis Chamber Choir Buffalo, NYB$5,000paidPROGRAM FUNDS FO CHORAL CONNECTIONS PERFORMANCES202543219349104914
2024Roycrofters at-Large Association Inc East Aurora, NYB$5,000paidPROGRAM FUNDS: ROYCROFT CHAMBER MUSIC FESTIVAL202543219349104914
2024Camerata Di Sant'antonio Buffalo, NYU$4,490paidPROGRAM SUPPORT FOR PUBLIC PERFORMANCES202543219349104914
2024Niagara University Niagara University, NYB$2,769paidTUITION SUPPORT FOR BUTF 2024 FELLOWS (COHORT 2)202543219349104914
2024Olv Charities Lackawanna, NYU$1,360approved, futureOLV STEM PROGRAM CAPACITY BUILDING202543219349104914
2024New York Council of Nonprofits Inc Menands, NYB$1,260paidCAPACITY BLDG: TRAININGS FOR GRANTEES202543219349104914

Match tier: A Reported EIN · B Exact name and place · C Strong name match · D Probable name match · U Unresolved. Tiers C and D are inferred, not reported; see how matching works.

Recipient matching for this dataset version has not yet completed its independent precision check. Tier A rows carry the EIN the filer reported; tiers B–D are the matcher's inference and should be read as leads until the check is published on the methodology page.

Derived from IRS Form 990-PF e-file XML. Dataset version 2026.09.0, built 2026-09-03. All years for this funder.

The same organization elsewhere in the program: exempt status and filing health · federal awards · grant guidance · open opportunities.

This is informational only, derived from public data on the dates shown. It is not an eligibility determination, and not legal, tax, or accounting advice. Verify against the official source before relying on it.