funder-graph

FundersNY

Grants paid by The Anthony a Yoseloff Foundation Inc

EIN 90-0111032 · New York, NY · Form 990-PF, Part XV · NTEE T22

The Anthony a Yoseloff Foundation Inc of New York, NY (EIN 90-0111032) reported 142 grants paid totaling $23,118,500 to 31 recipients in tax years 2018–2025, on Form 990-PF, Part XV. Derived from IRS e-file data, dataset version 2026.09.0, built 2026-09-03.

Grants paid

$23,118,500

142 grants

Recipients

31

distinct organizations

Tax years

2018–2025

8 filings in the corpus

By tax year

Grants by tax year, as the same figures
Tax yearGrants paidAmount paidApproved for future
201817$1,665,000
201920$1,822,500
202021$2,902,500
202120$2,787,500
202218$3,606,000
202317$3,375,000
202415$3,350,000
202514$3,610,000

Top recipients

The 31 recipients receiving the most from The Anthony a Yoseloff Foundation Inc, by grants paid, out of 31 distinct recipients.

Recipients ranked by total grants paid
RecipientMatchLocationGrantsTotal paidLatest year
The New York Public LibraryUNew York, NY8$5,250,0002025
Jewish Communal Fund 23-7174183BNew York, NY6$3,525,0002025
New York-Presbyterian Fund Inc 13-3160356BNew York, NY7$3,400,0002024
Central Park Conservancy 13-3022855BNew York, NY8$2,950,0002025
American Museum of Natural HistoryUNew York, NY8$1,575,0002025
Columbia University 82-2244803BNew York, NY8$1,055,0002025
DonorschooseorgUNew York, NY4$650,0002021
Chapin School 13-1635257CNew York, NY8$450,0002025
National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum 15-0572877BCooperstown, NY8$410,0002025
New York Presbyterian HospitalUNew York, NY1$400,0002025
Bryn Mawr College 23-1352621BBryn Mawr, PA4$375,0002021
Trinity SchoolUNew York, NY7$350,0002024
Dwight-Englewood School 22-1487165BEnglewood, NJ7$325,0002025
Girls Inc 13-1915124BNew York, NY3$300,0002020
Leadership Enterprise for a Diverse America 33-1071771CNew York, NY3$300,0002020
Robin Hood Foundation 13-3441066BNew York, NY4$250,0002025
Cornell UniversityUIthaca, NY5$225,0002025
Princeton University 21-0634501BPrinceton, NJ5$225,0002022
University of Iowa Foundation 42-0796760BIowa City, IA5$197,5002022
New York Historical Society 13-1624124BNew York, NY4$175,0002025
Community Funds Inc 13-6089923BNew York, NY1$100,0002020
The Hunter College Foundation Inc 13-3598671BNew York, NY4$100,0002025
East Brunswick Education Foundation 22-3238568BEast Brunswick, NJ4$95,0002021
Friends of the High Line 31-1734086BNew York, NY5$85,0002022
Character LabUPhiladelphia, PA2$75,0002020
Manhattan School of Music 13-1656667BNew York, NY3$75,0002025
Citizens Committee for New York City 51-0171818CNew York, NY3$65,0002023
Society for American Baseball Research 52-1234482BPhoenix, AZ4$50,0002021
Uja-Federation of New York 51-0172429BNew York, NY1$36,0002022
Johns Hopkins Center for Talented YouthUBaltimore, MD1$25,0002021
Ronald Mcdonald House Charities New York Metro IncUNew Hyde Park, NY1$25,0002023

Match tier: A Reported EIN · B Exact name and place · C Strong name match · D Probable name match · U Unresolved. Tiers C and D are inferred, not reported; see how matching works.

Every grant

All 142 grant rows this organization reported, most recent first.

Grants reported by The Anthony a Yoseloff Foundation Inc
Tax yearRecipientMatchAmountTypePurposeSource filing
2025Jewish Communal Fund New York, NYB$1,000,000paidGENERAL SUPPORT202600759349100825
2025Central Park Conservancy New York, NYB$750,000paidGENERAL SUPPORT202600759349100825
2025New York Public Library New York, NYU$750,000paidGENERAL SUPPORT202600759349100825
2025New York Presbyterian Hospital New York, NYU$400,000paidGENERAL SUPPORT202600759349100825
2025Columbia University New York, NYB$160,000paidGENERAL SUPPORT202600759349100825
2025American Museum of Natural History New York, NYU$125,000paidGENERAL SUPPORT202600759349100825
2025Chapin School New York, NYC$100,000paidGENERAL SUPPORT202600759349100825
2025Dwight-Englewood School Englewood, NJB$100,000paidGENERAL SUPPORT202600759349100825
2025Robin Hood Foundation New York, NYB$50,000paidGENERAL SUPPORT202600759349100825
2025Cornell University Ithaca, NYU$50,000paidGENERAL SUPPORT202600759349100825
2025New York Historical Society New York, NYB$50,000paidGENERAL SUPPORT202600759349100825
2025National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum Cooperstown, NYB$25,000paidGENERAL SUPPORT202600759349100825
2025The Hunter College Foundation Inc New York, NYB$25,000paidGENERAL SUPPORT202600759349100825
2025Manhattan School of Music New York, NYB$25,000paidGENERAL SUPPORT202600759349100825
2024American Museum of Natural History New York, NYU$825,000paidGENERAL SUPPORT202540719349100534
2024The New York Public Library New York, NYU$750,000paidGENERAL SUPPORT202540719349100534
2024Central Park Conservancy New York, NYB$600,000paidGENERAL SUPPORT202540719349100534
2024New York-Presbyterian Fund Inc New York, NYB$300,000paidGENERAL SUPPORT202540719349100534
2024Columbia University New York, NYB$275,000paidFOR THE BENEFIT OF VAGELOS COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS, DEPARTMENT OF PEDIATRICS202540719349100534
2024Jewish Communal Fund New York, NYB$225,000paidGENERAL SUPPORT202540719349100534
2024Trinity School New York, NYU$50,000paidGENERAL SUPPORT202540719349100534
2024Dwight-Englewood School Englewood, NJB$50,000paidGENERAL SUPPORT202540719349100534
2024Cornell University Ithaca, NYU$50,000paidGENERAL SUPPORT202540719349100534
2024New York Historical Society New York, NYB$50,000paidGENERAL SUPPORT202540719349100534
2024Robin Hood Foundation New York, NYB$50,000paidGENERAL SUPPORT202540719349100534
2024Chapin School New York, NYC$50,000paidGENERAL SUPPORT202540719349100534
2024The Hunter College Foundation Inc New York, NYB$25,000paidGENERAL SUPPORT202540719349100534
2024National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum Cooperstown, NYB$25,000paidGENERAL SUPPORT202540719349100534
2024Manhattan School of Music New York, NYB$25,000paidGENERAL SUPPORT202540719349100534
2023New York-Presbyterian Fund Inc New York, NYB$1,100,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202420649349100212
2023The New York Public Library New York, NYU$750,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202420649349100212
2023Jewish Communal Fund New York, NYB$300,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202420649349100212
2023American Museum of Natural History New York, NYU$225,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202420649349100212
2023National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum Cooperstown, NYB$225,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202420649349100212
2023Columbia University New York, NYB$175,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202420649349100212
2023Central Park Conservancy New York, NYB$150,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202420649349100212
2023Robin Hood Foundation New York, NYB$100,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202420649349100212
2023Chapin School New York, NYC$50,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202420649349100212
2023New York Historical Society New York, NYB$50,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202420649349100212
2023Dwight-Englewood School Englewood, NJB$50,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202420649349100212
2023Trinity School New York, NYU$50,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202420649349100212
2023Cornell University Ithaca, NYU$50,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202420649349100212
2023Manhattan School of Music New York, NYB$25,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202420649349100212
2023The Hunter College Foundation Inc New York, NYB$25,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202420649349100212
2023Ronald Mcdonald House Charities New York Metro Inc New Hyde Park, NYU$25,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202420649349100212
2023Citizens Committee for New York City New York, NYC$25,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202420649349100212
2022New York-Presbyterian Fund Inc New York, NYB$1,200,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202330689349100803
2022Central Park Conservancy New York, NYB$1,000,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202330689349100803
2022The New York Public Library New York, NYU$750,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202330689349100803
2022Columbia University New York, NYB$100,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202330689349100803
2022American Museum of Natural History New York, NYU$100,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202330689349100803
2022Chapin School New York, NYC$50,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202330689349100803
2022Robin Hood Foundation New York, NYB$50,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202330689349100803
2022Cornell University Ithaca, NYU$50,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202330689349100803
2022Trinity School New York, NYU$50,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202330689349100803
2022University of Iowa Foundation Iowa City, IAB$50,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202330689349100803
2022Uja-Federation of New York New York, NYB$36,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202330689349100803
2022Princeton University Princeton, NJB$30,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202330689349100803
2022The Hunter College Foundation Inc New York, NYB$25,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202330689349100803
2022New York Historical Society New York, NYB$25,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202330689349100803
2022Friends of the High Line New York, NYB$25,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202330689349100803
2022Dwight-Englewood School Englewood, NJB$25,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202330689349100803
2022National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum Cooperstown, NYB$25,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202330689349100803
2022Citizens Committee for New York City New York, NYC$15,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202330689349100803
2021Jewish Communal Fund New York, NYB$850,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202240619349100304
2021The New York Public Library New York, NYU$750,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202240619349100304
2021New York-Presbyterian Fund Inc New York, NYB$200,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202240619349100304
2021Central Park Conservancy New York, NYB$200,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202240619349100304
2021Donorschooseorg New York, NYU$150,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202240619349100304
2021Columbia University New York, NYB$125,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202240619349100304
2021Bryn Mawr College Bryn Mawr, PAB$100,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202240619349100304
2021American Museum of Natural History New York, NYU$75,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202240619349100304
2021Trinity School New York, NYU$50,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202240619349100304
2021Chapin School New York, NYC$50,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202240619349100304
2021University of Iowa Foundation Iowa City, IAB$50,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202240619349100304
2021Cornell University Ithaca, NYU$25,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202240619349100304
2021Johns Hopkins Center for Talented Youth Baltimore, MDU$25,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202240619349100304
2021National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum Cooperstown, NYB$25,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202240619349100304
2021Dwight-Englewood School Englewood, NJB$25,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202240619349100304
2021Friends of the High Line New York, NYB$25,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202240619349100304
2021Citizens Committee for New York City New York, NYC$25,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202240619349100304
2021Princeton University Princeton, NJB$15,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202240619349100304
2021Society for American Baseball Research Phoenix, AZB$12,500paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202240619349100304
2021East Brunswick Education Foundation East Brunswick, NJB$10,000paidTo assist the donee organization in furthering it's purpose202240619349100304
2020Jewish Communal Fund New York, NYB$1,050,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE202140489349100404
2020The New York Public Library New York, NYU$500,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE202140489349100404
2020New York-Presbyterian Fund Inc New York, NYB$200,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE202140489349100404
2020Donorschooseorg New York, NYU$150,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE202140489349100404
2020Leadership Enterprise for a Diverse America New York, NYC$100,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE202140489349100404
2020Community Funds Inc New York, NYB$100,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE202140489349100404
2020Bryn Mawr College Bryn Mawr, PAB$100,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE202140489349100404
2020Columbia University New York, NYB$100,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE202140489349100404
2020Central Park Conservancy New York, NYB$100,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE202140489349100404
2020Girls Inc New York, NYB$100,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE202140489349100404
2020American Museum of Natural History New York, NYU$75,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE202140489349100404
2020Princeton University Princeton, NJB$55,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE202140489349100404
2020Dwight-Englewood School Englewood, NJB$50,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE202140489349100404
2020Chapin School New York, NYC$50,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE202140489349100404
2020Trinity School New York, NYU$50,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE202140489349100404
2020University of Iowa Foundation Iowa City, IAB$35,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE202140489349100404
2020Character Lab Philadelphia, PAU$25,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE202140489349100404
2020East Brunswick Education Foundation East Brunswick, NJB$25,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE202140489349100404
2020National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum Cooperstown, NYB$15,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE202140489349100404
2020Society for American Baseball Research Phoenix, AZB$12,500paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE202140489349100404
2020Friends of the High Line New York, NYB$10,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE202140489349100404
2019The New York Public Library New York, NYU$500,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE202030559349100413
2019New York-Presbyterian Fund Inc New York, NYB$200,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE202030559349100413
2019Central Park Conservancy New York, NYB$100,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE202030559349100413
2019Jewish Communal Fund New York, NYB$100,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE202030559349100413
2019Girls Inc New York, NYB$100,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE202030559349100413
2019Bryn Mawr College Bryn Mawr, PAB$100,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE202030559349100413
2019Donorschooseorg New York, NYU$100,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE202030559349100413
2019Leadership Enterprise for a Diverse America New York, NYC$100,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE202030559349100413
2019Columbia University New York, NYB$85,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE202030559349100413
2019American Museum of Natural History New York, NYU$75,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE202030559349100413
2019Princeton University Princeton, NJB$70,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE202030559349100413
2019Chapin School New York, NYC$50,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE202030559349100413
2019The Character Lab Inc Philadelphia, PAU$50,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE202030559349100413
2019East Brunswick Education Foundation East Brunswick, NJB$50,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE202030559349100413
2019Trinity School New York, NYU$50,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE202030559349100413
2019University of Iowa Foundation Iowa City, IAB$35,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE202030559349100413
2019Dwight-Englewood School Englewood, NJB$25,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE202030559349100413
2019Society for American Baseball Research Phoenix, AZB$12,500paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE202030559349100413
2019National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum Cooperstown, NYB$10,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE202030559349100413
2019Friends of the High Line New York, NYB$10,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE202030559349100413
2018The New York Public Library New York, NYU$500,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE201920709349100322
2018Donorschooseorg New York, NYU$250,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE201920709349100322
2018New York-Presbyterian Fund Inc New York, NYB$200,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE201920709349100322
2018Girls Inc New York, NYB$100,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE201920709349100322
2018Leadership Enterprise for a Diverse America New York, NYC$100,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE201920709349100322
2018American Museum of Natural History New York, NYU$75,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE201920709349100322
2018Bryn Mawr College Bryn Mawr, PAB$75,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE201920709349100322
2018National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum Cooperstown, NYB$60,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE201920709349100322
2018Princeton University Princeton, NJB$55,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE201920709349100322
2018Central Park Conservancy New York, NYB$50,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE201920709349100322
2018Trinity School New York, NYU$50,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE201920709349100322
2018Chapin School New York, NYC$50,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE201920709349100322
2018Columbia University New York, NYB$35,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE201920709349100322
2018University of Iowa Foundation Iowa City, IAB$27,500paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE201920709349100322
2018Friends of the High Line New York, NYB$15,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE201920709349100322
2018Society for American Baseball Research Phoenix, AZB$12,500paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE201920709349100322
2018East Brunswick Education Foundation East Brunswick, NJB$10,000paidTO ASSIST THE DONEE ORGANIZATION IN FURTHERING IT'S PURPOSE201920709349100322

Match tier: A Reported EIN · B Exact name and place · C Strong name match · D Probable name match · U Unresolved. Tiers C and D are inferred, not reported; see how matching works.

Recipient matching for this dataset version has not yet completed its independent precision check. Tier A rows carry the EIN the filer reported; tiers B–D are the matcher's inference and should be read as leads until the check is published on the methodology page.

Source filings

Every figure above is traceable to one of these IRS e-file returns by its OBJECT_ID.

Returns this page is derived from
FormTax yearPeriod endFiledSchemaIRS OBJECT_ID
990PF20252025-10-31not stated2024v5.5202600759349100825
990PF20242024-10-31not stated2023v6.0202540719349100534
990PF20232023-10-31not stated2022v5.0202420649349100212
990PF20222022-10-31not stated2021v4.2202330689349100803
990PF20212021-10-31not stated2020v4.2202240619349100304
990PF20202020-10-31not stated2019v5.1202140489349100404
990PF20192019-10-31not stated2018v3.1202030559349100413
990PF20182018-10-31not stated2017v2.3201920709349100322

Derived from IRS Form 990-PF e-file XML; recipient identities from the IRS Exempt Organizations Business Master File. Dataset version 2026.09.0, built 2026-09-03. The same rows as Parquet: manifest; as JSON: /api/funders/900111032.json.

The same organization elsewhere in the program: exempt status and filing health · federal awards · grant guidance · open opportunities.

This is informational only, derived from public data on the dates shown. It is not an eligibility determination, and not legal, tax, or accounting advice. Verify against the official source before relying on it.