funder-graph

funder-graph › Recipients

Who funds Third Millennium Ministries Inc

EIN 31-1598585 · Casselberry, FL · NTEE X99Z

Third Millennium Ministries Inc of Casselberry, FL (EIN 31-1598585) was named as a grant recipient by 48 funders in 127 grants paid totaling $10,148,971 in tax years 2018–2025, as reported on the funders' Forms 990-PF and 990 Schedule I. Each edge was resolved to this EIN at the match tier shown. Dataset version 2026.09.0, built 2026-09-03.

Grants received

$10,148,971

127 grants paid

Funders

48

distinct grantmakers

Tax years

2018–2025

as reported by funders

Funders

Grantmakers ranked by total paid to Third Millennium Ministries Inc
FunderStateMatchGrantsTotal paidLatest year
Natl Christian Charitable Fdn Inc 58-1493949GAA4$3,458,1252024
Community Foundation Inc 23-7033813TXB1$2,000,0002020
Christian Community Foundation of Memphis 62-1752885TNA7$877,1002025
Fidelity Investments Charitable Gift Fund 11-0303001MAA8$575,7092025
Christian Foundation of America DBA Christian Foundation of the West 77-0566530CAA2$550,0002024
Schwab Charitable Fund 31-1640316CAA8$410,8512025
Servant Foundation 43-1890105KSA3$320,0002025
Chattanooga Christian Community Foundation 62-1536731TNA4$304,1802024
Thomas Garrott Foundation 62-6289645FLB6$186,0002025
Heinemannmark & Judy Foundation-Im 20-5343022NCC5$150,0002025
The Maclellan Foundation Inc 62-6041468TNB3$125,0002023
Community Foundation of Greater Memphis Inc 58-1723645TNA9$120,0002025
Morgan Stanley Global Impact Funding Trust Inc 52-7082731INA3$120,0002024
Second Presbyterian Church Foundation Inc 62-1744695TNABD3$110,0002025
Hugh and Charlotte Maclellan Charitable Charitable Trust 62-6268981TNB4$97,0002025
National Philanthropic Trust 23-7825575PAA2$92,5002024
Telos Foundation Inc 64-0854272MSB4$80,0002024
South Carolina Christian Foundation 58-2362123SCA2$75,2002024
Raymond James Charitable Endowment Fund C/O Raymond James Trust Na Trustee 59-3652538FLA4$65,5002025
Vanguard Charitable Endowment Program 23-2888152PAA3$64,5002025
The Josetta Fund 04-3340006MAB1$50,0002025
Agape Love Foundation 62-1731414TNB5$44,3752024
Gloria Dei Foundation Inc 20-3723933TXC1$25,0002023
American Endowment Foundation 34-1747398OHA1$25,0002020
International Generosity Foundation Trust 84-3754469FLA1$25,0002024
Miles J Smith Family Foundation 58-1574762NCC3$24,8412025
Communities Foundation of Texas Inc 75-0964565TXA1$20,0002022
Salt and Light Foundation 72-1397322MSBD3$20,0002025
The Nord Foundation 84-1409115COC3$17,5002023
Wiseheart Foundation Inc 45-5085493TNA1$16,1672021
Maynard Foundation 75-6056417FLB1$15,0002025
Tyndale House Ministries 82-2635353ILA1$14,0002025
Givewell Community Foundation Inc 59-3649871FLB2$10,4602024
Impactassetsinc 26-2048480MDA1$10,0002022
The Signatry Charitable Trust 82-5070897SDA1$7,3002024
T Rowe Price Program for Charitable Giving Inc 31-1709466MDA1$6,0002025
The US Charitable Gift Trust 31-1663020MAA1$5,4502024
Pinetops Foundation 46-0477322ORC1$5,0002024
The Community Foundation of Greater Chattanooga Inc 62-6045999TNA1$5,0002020
Hearth & Home Ministries Inc 75-1899704TXC1$5,0002024
Paul F and Lois K Heiss Family Foundation Inc 39-1928659WIB1$3,0002023
Wilson Thompson Family Foundation 46-4104553NYB1$3,0002024
Farrell Family Foundation 91-2167530CAB1$2,5002023
Wiseheart Foundation Inc 59-0992871FLD2$2,0002021
Adams Foundation 63-1059010ALB1$2,0002022
Amazonsmile Foundation 46-2626883WAB3$1,7132023
Stellar Solutions Foundation 77-0485705CAB1$1,0002023
For Giving Foundation Inc 59-3703693FLC1$1,0002025

Match tier: A Reported EIN · B Exact name and place · C Strong name match · D Probable name match · U Unresolved. Tiers C and D are inferred, not reported; see how matching works.

Grants

The 127 most recent grants naming this organization.

Grants to Third Millennium Ministries Inc as reported by funders
Tax yearFunderRecipientMatchAmountTypePurposeSource filing
2025Fidelity Investments Charitable Gift FundThird Millennium Ministries Inc Casselberry, FLA$181,100paidFor grant recipient's exempt purposes202601389349301700
2025Donor Advised Charitable Giving IncThird Millennium Ministries Inc Casselberry, FLA$130,550paidRELIGION RELATED202611199349300601
2025Thomas Garrott FoundationThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLB$90,000paidGENERAL OPERATING202641069349100919
2025The Josetta FundThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLB$50,000paidRELIGIOUS / EDUCATIONAL202601349349103055
2025Servant FoundationThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLA$35,000paidRELIGIOUS MINISTRY202600439349302250
2025Community Foundation of Greater Memphis IncThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLA$33,000paidGENERAL OPERATIONAL SUPPORT202523009349302062
2025Christian Community Foundation of MemphisThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLA$28,050paidEDUCATIONAL202640719349300639
2025Second Presbyterian Church Foundation IncThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLB$25,000paidGENERAL SUPPORT202601129349301960
2025Heinemannmark & Judy Foundation-ImThird Millenium Ministeries Inc Casselberry, FLC$20,000paidCONTRIBUTION202641779349100719
2025Maynard FoundationThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLB$15,000paidOPERATIONS202631539349100128
2025Hugh and Charlotte Maclellan Charitable Charitable TrustThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLB$15,000paidFOR CHARITABLE LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT.202641339349102039
2025Tyndale House MinistriesThird Millenium Ministries Casselberry, FLA$14,000paidGeneral program support202512269349301926
2025Raymond James Charitable Endowment FundThird Millennium Ministries Inc Casselberry, FLA$14,000paidGENERAL SUPPORT202630489349300743
2025Vanguard Charitable Endowment ProgramThird Millennium Ministries Inc Casselberry, FLA$13,250paidFOR RECIPIENT'S EXEMPT PURPOSE202621329349306657
2025Miles J Smith Family FoundationThird Millenium Ministries Casselberry, FLC$10,000paid2025 CURRICULUM SUPPORT202631329349102453
2025T Rowe Price Program for Charitable Giving IncThird Millennium Ministries Inc Casselberry, FLA$6,000paidMULTIPLE202501959349302200
2025Salt and Light FoundationThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLB$5,000paidMINISTRIES202621269349103097
2025For Giving Foundation IncThird Millennium Ministry Casselberry, FLC$1,000paidGENERAL FUNDING202601349349101300
2024Natl Christian Charitable Fdn IncThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLA$668,225paidMEDIA AND PUBLISHING202513109349303201
2024Christian Foundation of America DBA Christian Foundation of the WestThirdmill Casselberry, FLA$400,000paidGeneral Fund202543189349311744
2024Fidelity Investments Charitable Gift FundThird Millennium Ministries Inc Casselberry, FLA$135,085paidFor grant recipient's exempt purposes202521349349310887
2024Morgan Stanley Global Impact Funding Trust IncThird Millennium Ministries Inc Casselberry, FLA$100,000paidUNRESTRICTED GENERAL SUPPORT202503239349300435
2024National Philanthropic TrustThird Millennium Ministries Inc Casselberry, FLA$86,000paidRELIGION202511339349301311
2024Donor Advised Charitable Giving IncThird Millennium Ministries Inc Casselberry, FLA$84,850paidRELIGION RELATED202541069349300729
2024Chattanooga Christian Community FoundationThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLA$83,990paidORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT202523219349317327
2024South Carolina Christian FoundationThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLA$35,200paidGENERAL SUPPORT202523219349304102
2024Heinemannmark & Judy Foundation-ImThird Millenium Ministeries Inc Casselberry, FLC$35,000paidCONTRIBUTION202523179349100822
2024International Generosity Foundation TrustThird Millennium Ministries Inc (global) Casselberry, FLA$25,000paidPROMOTION OF CHRISTIAN FAITH202513149349306216
2024Hugh and Charlotte Maclellan Charitable Charitable TrustThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLB$25,000paidFOR CHARITABLE LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT.202501349349101730
2024Telos Foundation IncThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLB$20,000paidUNRESTRICTED202513109349100341
2024Community Foundation of Greater Memphis IncThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLA$16,000paidGENERAL OPERATIONAL SUPPORT202540529349300904
2024Thomas Garrott FoundationThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLB$10,000paidGENERAL OPERATING202531089349101623
2024Agape Love FoundationThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLB$10,000paidGENERAL PURPOSE202513159349101201
2024Salt and Light FoundationThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLB$10,000paidMINISTRIES202511359349105216
2024The Signatry Charitable TrustThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLA$7,300paidRELIGIOUS MINISTRY202543189349315279
2024Raymond James Charitable Endowment FundThird Millennium Ministries Inc Casselberry, FLA$6,500paidGENERAL SUPPORT202520499349301607
2024The US Charitable Gift TrustThird Millennium Ministries Inc Casselberry, FLA$5,450paidFOR RECIPIENT'S EXEMPT PURPOSE202533189349305673
2024Givewell Community Foundation IncThird Millennium Ministries Inc Casselberry, FLB$5,280paidRELIGION202403559349300925
2024Pinetops FoundationThird Millenium Ministries Casselberry, FLC$5,000paidTO SUPPORT TEXAS INITIATIVE OF EVANGELIZING IMMIGRANTS THROUGH MERCY MINISTRIES202403519349100520
2024Hearth & Home Ministries IncThird Millenium Ministries Casselberry, FLC$5,000paidReligious202510229349100206
2024Miles J Smith Family FoundationThird Millenium Ministries Casselberry, FLC$5,000paid2024 CURRICULUM SUPPORT202521699349100002
2024Wilson Thompson Family FoundationThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLB$3,000paidGENERAL CHARITABLE PURPOSES.202543179349101834
2024Christian Community Foundation of MemphisThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLA$0 + $236,550 non-cashpaidARTS, CULTURE202530359349300923
2023Natl Christian Charitable Fdn IncThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLA$1,162,300paidGROWTH202443169349306424
2023Servant FoundationThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLA$250,000paidRELIGIOUS MINISTRY202410409349300211
2023Christian Community Foundation of Memphis and the Mid-South IncThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLA$236,550paidARTS, CULTURE202430679349301143
2023Chattanooga Christian Community FoundationThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLA$202,150paidIN FURTHERANCE OF FOUNDATION'S PURPOSES202413199349305186
2023Christian Foundation of America DBA Christian Foundation of the WestThirdmill Casselberry, FLA$150,000paidGeneral Fund202433199349307168
2023Fidelity Investments Charitable Gift FundThird Millennium Ministries Inc Casselberry, FLA$108,100paidFor grant recipient's exempt purposes202441369349301334
2023The Maclellan Foundation IncThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLB$75,000paidFOR CHARITABLE LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT.202403209349103050
2023Second Presbyterian Church Foundation IncThird Millennium Casselberry, FLD$60,000paidGENERAL SUPPORT202323059349302882
2023South Carolina Christian FoundationThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLA$40,000paidGENERAL SUPPORT202412919349300436
2023Hugh and Charlotte Maclellan Charitable Charitable TrustThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLB$32,000paidFOR LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT OR TRAINING.202431369349105563
2023Schwab Charitable FundThird Millennium Ministries Inc Casselberry, FLA$28,150paidRELIGION RELATED202411039349301716
2023Gloria Dei Foundation IncThird Millennium Minstries Inc Casselberry, FLC$25,000paidExpanding The Thirdmill Global Network202403209349102080
2023Telos Foundation IncThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLB$20,000paidUNRESTRICTED202433059349101853
2023Heinemannmark & Judy Foundation-ImThird Millenium Ministeries Inc Casselberry, FLC$20,000paidCONTRIBUTION202403129349102600
2023Raymond James Charitable Endowment FundThird Millennium Ministries Inc Casselberry, FLA$20,000paidGENERAL SUPPORT202430469349302713
2023Thomas Garrott FoundationThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLB$15,000paidGENERAL OPERATING202401089349101510
2023Vanguard Charitable Endowment ProgramThird Millennium Ministries Inc Casselberry, FLA$15,000paidFOR RECIPIENT'S EXEMPT PURPOSE202441359349309439
2023Agape Love FoundationThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLB$10,000paidGENERAL PURPOSE202531189349101018
2023Miles J Smith Family FoundationThird Millenium Ministries Casselberry, FLC$9,841paid2023 CURRICULUM SUPPORT202411319349101711
2023The Nord FoundationThird Millenium Ministries Casseberry, FLC$7,500paidCharitable Giving202441009349100729
2023National Philanthropic TrustThird Millennium Ministries Inc Casselberry, FLA$6,500paidRELIGION202431429349301368
2023Community Foundation of Greater Memphis IncThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLA$6,000paidGENERAL OPERATIONAL SUPPORT202323129349300447
2023Givewell Community Foundation IncThird Millennium Ministries Inc Casselberry, FLB$5,180paidGENERAL CONTRIBUTION202440309349301609
2023Salt and Light FoundationThird Mill Ministries Casselberry, FLD$5,000paidMINISTRIES202401359349105075
2023Paul F and Lois K Heiss Family Foundation IncThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLB$3,000paidProviding Biblical training to pastors without access for formal theological training202422119349100002
2023Farrell Family FoundationThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLB$2,500paidFUNDS FOR DISCRETIONARY USE202413129349100231
2023Stellar Solutions FoundationThird Millennium Ministries Inc Casselberry, FLB$1,000paidUNRESTRICTED DONATION202403179349102185
2023Amazonsmile FoundationThird Millennium Ministries Inc Casselberry, FLB$510paidGENERAL SUPPORT202540919349100629
2022Natl Christian Charitable Fdn IncThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLA$923,400paidGROWTH202333179349303063
2022Schwab Charitable FundThird Millennium Ministries Inc Casselberry, FLA$48,951paidRELIGION RELATED202330939349300403
2022Christian Community Foundation of Memphis and the Mid-South IncThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLA$46,925paidPROGRAM SUPPORT202330589349301073
2022Fidelity Investments Charitable Gift FundThird Millennium Ministries Inc Casselberry, FLA$43,175paidFor grant recipient's exempt purposes202430459349302913
2022Fidelity Investments Charitable Gift FundThird Millennium Ministries Inc Casselberry, FLA$43,175paidFor grant recipient's exempt purposes202321309349304807
2022Vanguard Charitable Endowment ProgramThird Millennium Ministries Inc Casselberry, FLA$36,250paidFor recipient's exempt purpose202331359349303108
2022Hugh and Charlotte Maclellan Charitable Charitable TrustThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLB$25,000paidFOR LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT OR TRAINING.202311359349101546
2022Thomas Garrott FoundationThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLB$25,000paidGENERAL OPERATING202301219349102565
2022The Maclellan Foundation IncThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLB$25,000paidFOR CHARITABLE LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT.202333199349110163
2022The Maclellan Foundation IncThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLB$25,000paidFOR CHARITABLE LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT.202333199349110163
2022Telos Foundation IncThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLB$20,000paidUNRESTRICTED202303199349108540
2022Communities Foundation of Texas IncThird Millennium Ministries Inc Casselberry, FLA$20,000paidTHIS GRANT IS DESIGNATED FOR GENERAL SUPPORT.202330179349300633
2022Agape Love FoundationThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLB$14,375paidGENERAL PURPOSE202313179349101371
2022Chattanooga Christian Community FoundationThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLA$13,740paidIN FURTHERANCE OF FOUNDATION'S PURPOSES202323199349312247
2022ImpactassetsincThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLA$10,000paidGENERAL SUPPORT202333199349308098
2022Heinemannmark & Judy Foundation-ImThird Millenium Ministeries Inc Casselberry, FLC$10,000paidCONTRIBUTION202343189349102009
2022Community Foundation of Greater Memphis IncThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLA$6,000paidGENERAL OPERATIONAL SUPPORT202300739349301765
2022Adams FoundationThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLB$2,000paidEDUCATIONAL202321359349102837
2022Amazonsmile FoundationThird Millennium Ministries Inc Casselberry, FLB$699paidGENERAL SUPPORT202313119349100141
2021Christian Community Foundation of Memphis and the Mid-South IncThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLA$238,300paidPROGRAM SUPPORT202200689349300625
2021Schwab Charitable FundThird Millennium Ministries Inc Casselberry, FLA$42,350paidRELIGION RELATED202230499349301028
2021Fidelity Investments Charitable Gift FundThird Millennium Ministries Inc Casselberry, FLA$39,024paidFor grant recipient's exempt purposes202221339349302787
2021Thomas Garrott FoundationThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLB$21,000paidGENERAL OPERATING202202229349100900
2021Wiseheart Foundation IncThird Millenium Ministries Casselberry, FLA$16,167paidGENERAL SUPPORT202113199349305366
2021Community Foundation of Greater Memphis IncThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLA$16,000paidGENERAL OPERATIONAL SUPPORT202220139349300717
2021The Nord FoundationThird Millenium Ministries Casselberry, FLC$5,000paidCharitable Giving202240889349100619
2021Wiseheart Foundation IncThird Millennium Ministris Casselberry, FLD$1,000paidCHARITABLE202241379349100044
2020Community Foundation IncThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLB$2,000,000paidGENERAL OPERATING202110849349100811
2020Natl Christian Charitable Fdn IncThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLA$704,200paidGROWTH202123099349300747
2020Christian Community Foundation of Memphis and the Mid-South IncThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLA$120,725paidPROGRAM SUPPORT202100499349301325
2020Heinemannmark & Judy Foundation-ImThird Millenium Ministeries Inc Casselberry, FLC$65,000paidCONTRIBUTION202113189349100166
2020Servant FoundationThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLA$35,000paidRELIGIOUS MINISTRY202110469349300841
2020Schwab Charitable FundThird Millennium Ministries Inc Casselberry, FLA$32,000paidRELIGION RELATED202140489349301804
2020American Endowment FoundationThird Millenium Ministries Inc Casselberry, FLA$25,000paidPROGRAMS202133159349308163
2020Thomas Garrott FoundationThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLB$25,000paidGENERAL OPERATING202141179349102124
2020Telos Foundation IncThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLB$20,000paidUNRESTRICTED202133199349101613
2020Community Foundation of Greater Memphis IncThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLA$16,000paidGENERAL OPERATIONAL SUPPORT202013429349300206
2020Community Foundation of Greater Memphis IncThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLA$16,000paidGENERAL OPERATIONAL SUPPORT202013429349300206
2020Fidelity Investments Charitable Gift FundThird Millennium Ministries Inc Casselberry, FLA$15,050paidFor grant recipient's exempt purposes202121359349300427
2020Agape Love FoundationThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLB$5,000paidGENERAL PURPOSE202103059349100135
2020The Community Foundation of Greater Chattanooga IncThird Millennium Ministries Cassleberry, FLA$5,000paidMINISTRY SUPPORT202123159349304767
2020Chattanooga Christian Community FoundationThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLA$4,300paidIN FURTHERANCE OF FOUNDATION'S PURPOSES202211679349300441
2020Wiseheart Foundation IncThird Millennium Ministris Casselberry, FLD$1,000paidCHARITABLE202141469349100609
2020Amazonsmile FoundationThird Millennium Ministries Inc Casselberry, FLB$504paidGENERAL SUPPORT202113199349100901
2019Christian Community Foundation of Memphis and the Mid-South IncThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLA$206,550paidPROGRAM SUPPORT202040639349300804
2019Second Presbyterian Church Foundation IncThird Millennium Casselberry, FLA$25,000paidGENERAL SUPPORT202000079349301580
2019Fidelity Investments Charitable Gift FundThird Millennium Ministries Inc Casselberry, FLA$11,000paidFor grant recipient's exempt purposes202041789349301474
2019Morgan Stanley Global Impact Funding Trust IncThird Millennium Ministries Inc Casselberry, FLA$10,000paidUNRESTRICTED GENERAL SUPPORT202013249349301811
2019Morgan Stanley Global Impact Funding Trust IncThird Millennium Ministries Inc Casselberry, FLA$10,000paidUNRESTRICTED GENERAL SUPPORT202013249349301811
2019Community Foundation of Greater Memphis IncThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLA$10,000paidGENERAL OPERATIONAL SUPPORT202030709349300038
2019Schwab Charitable FundThird Millennium Ministries Inc Casselberry, FLA$7,000paidRELIGION RELATED202010489349300101
2019Community Foundation of Greater Memphis IncThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLA$1,000paidGENERAL OPERATIONAL SUPPORT202030709349300038
2018Schwab Charitable FundThird Millennium Ministries Inc Casselberry, FLA$37,000paidRELIGIOUS201930459349302018
2018Raymond James Charitable Endowment Fund C/O Raymond James Trust Na TrusteeThird Millennium Ministries Inc Casselberry, FLA$25,000paidGENERAL USE201900119349300040
2018The Nord FoundationThird Millenium Ministries Casselberry, FLC$5,000paidCharitable Giving201920729349100407
2018Agape Love FoundationThird Millennium Ministries Casselberry, FLB$5,000paidGENERAL PURPOSE201901649349100005

Match tier: A Reported EIN · B Exact name and place · C Strong name match · D Probable name match · U Unresolved. Tiers C and D are inferred, not reported; see how matching works.

Recipient matching for this dataset version has not yet completed its independent precision check. Tier A rows carry the EIN the filer reported; tiers B–D are inferred and should be read as leads until the check is published on the methodology page.

Derived from IRS Form 990-PF and Form 990 Schedule I e-file XML filed by the funders shown; this organization's identity from the IRS Exempt Organizations Business Master File. Dataset version 2026.09.0, built 2026-09-03. The rows as Parquet: manifest.

The same organization elsewhere in the program: exempt status and filing health · federal awards · grant guidance · open opportunities.

This is informational only, derived from public data on the dates shown. It is not an eligibility determination, and not legal, tax, or accounting advice. Verify against the official source before relying on it.