funder-graph › Recipients
Who funds Kvie Inc
EIN 94-1421463 · Sacramento, CA · NTEE A320
Kvie Inc of Sacramento, CA (EIN 94-1421463) was named as a grant recipient by 43 funders in 129 grants paid totaling $19,548,119 in tax years 2017–2026, as reported on the funders' Forms 990-PF and 990 Schedule I. Each edge was resolved to this EIN at the match tier shown. Dataset version 2026.09.0, built 2026-09-03.
Grants received
$19,548,119
129 grants paid
Funders
43
distinct grantmakers
Tax years
2017–2026
as reported by funders
Approved for future payment
$300
not included in grants received
Funders
Match tier: A Reported EIN · B Exact name and place · C Strong name match · D Probable name match · U Unresolved. Tiers C and D are inferred, not reported; see how matching works.
Grants
The 130 most recent grants naming this organization.
| Tax year | Funder | Recipient | Match | Amount | Type | Purpose | Source filing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | Corporation for Public Broadcasting | Kvie Sacramento, CA | A | $22,300 | paid | PUBINT | 202620799349301407 |
| 2026 | T Rowe Price Program for Charitable Giving Inc | Kvie Sacramento, CA | A | $6,600 | paid | MULTIPLE | 202611959349301316 |
| 2025 | Corporation for Public Broadcasting | Kvie Sacramento, CA | A | $2,432,648 | paid | TVCSG | 202610449349301651 |
| 2025 | Fidelity Investments Charitable Gift Fund | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | A | $109,365 | paid | For grant recipient's exempt purposes | 202601389349301700 |
| 2025 | David E & Mary C Gallo Foundation | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | B | $75,000 | paid | GENERAL SUPPORT | 202601139349100740 |
| 2025 | Donor Advised Charitable Giving Inc | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | A | $48,160 | paid | ARTS, CULTURE & HUMANITIES | 202611199349300601 |
| 2025 | Corporation for Public Broadcasting | Kvie Sacramento, CA | A | $38,141 | paid | OSS | 202610449349301651 |
| 2025 | Bacich George P TR Fbo Charities | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | B | $24,358 | paid | GENERAL OPERATING | 202621249349104382 |
| 2025 | Kelly Foundation | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | B | $15,000 | paid | BE MY NEIGHBOR DAY | 202621739349100572 |
| 2025 | American Online Giving Foundation Inc | Kvie Pbs Sacramento Sacramento, CA | A | $14,720 | paid | GENERAL SUPPORT | 202533509349301608 |
| 2025 | American Online Giving Foundation Inc | Kvie Pbs Sacramento Sacramento, CA | A | $14,720 | paid | GENERAL SUPPORT | 202641969349302754 |
| 2025 | Western Health Advantage | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | A | $14,583 | paid | KVIE CAMPAIGN CONTRACT SPONSOR STUDIO SACRAMENTO PUBLIC TV | 202621349349306482 |
| 2025 | National Philanthropic Trust | Kvie Inc DBA Pbs Kvie Sacramento, CA | A | $14,360 | paid | CULTURE & ARTS | 202601289349302480 |
| 2025 | T Rowe Price Program for Charitable Giving Inc | Pbs Kvie Sacramento, CA | A | $10,400 | paid | MULTIPLE | 202501959349302200 |
| 2025 | California School Employees Association | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | A | $10,000 | paid | GENERAL ASSISTANCE | 202611009349301031 |
| 2025 | Vanguard Charitable Endowment Program | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | A | $7,000 | paid | FOR RECIPIENT'S EXEMPT PURPOSE | 202621329349306657 |
| 2025 | Cf Wu Foundation | Kvie Sacramento, CA | B | $1,200 | paid | Support public television | 202512629349100201 |
| 2025 | Robert & Margaret Mcnamara Foundation | Kvie Sacramento, CA | B | $250 | paid | CHARITABLE | 202600909349100100 |
| 2024 | Corporation for Public Broadcasting | Kvie Sacramento, CA | A | $2,278,389 | paid | TVCSG | 202522259349301427 |
| 2024 | Fidelity Investments Charitable Gift Fund | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | A | $109,205 | paid | For grant recipient's exempt purposes | 202521349349310887 |
| 2024 | David E & Mary C Gallo Foundation | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | B | $60,000 | paid | GENERAL SUPPORT | 202501789349100410 |
| 2024 | Corporation for Public Broadcasting | Kvie Sacramento, CA | A | $37,256 | paid | OSS | 202522259349301427 |
| 2024 | Donor Advised Charitable Giving Inc | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | A | $31,674 | paid | ARTS, CULTURE & HUMANITIES | 202541069349300729 |
| 2024 | American Online Giving Foundation Inc | Kvie Pbs Sacramento Sacramento, CA | A | $21,216 | paid | GENERAL SUPPORT | 202530159349302758 |
| 2024 | American Endowment Foundation | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | A | $20,550 | paid | ARTS, CULTURE | 202513219349310376 |
| 2024 | Western Health Advantage | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | A | $20,000 | paid | KVIE CAMPAIGN CONTRACT SPONSOR STUDIO SACRAMENTO PUBLIC TV | 202531359349307703 |
| 2024 | Kelly Foundation | Kvie Sacramento, CA | B | $20,000 | paid | PBS KIDS | 202540649349100634 |
| 2024 | Vanguard Charitable Endowment Program | Pbs Kvie Sacramento, CA | A | $13,000 | paid | FOR RECIPIENT'S EXEMPT PURPOSE | 202511349349313096 |
| 2024 | The Ayco Charitable Foundation | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | A | $10,200 | paid | ARTS AND CULTURE | 202543109349303959 |
| 2024 | The US Charitable Gift Trust | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | A | $10,175 | paid | FOR RECIPIENT'S EXEMPT PURPOSE | 202533189349305673 |
| 2024 | Public Broadcasting Service | Kvie Sacramento, CA | A | $10,000 | paid | SEE PART IV: #9 | 202501299349303195 |
| 2024 | T Rowe Price Program for Charitable Giving Inc | Pbs Kvie Sacramento, CA | A | $8,000 | paid | MULTIPLE | 202401949349301515 |
| 2024 | Cars for Charity Inc | Kvie Sacramento, CA | A | $5,580 | paid | 202523159349302732 | |
| 2024 | Greater Horizons | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | A | $5,500 | paid | Arts & Culture | 202513189349309621 |
| 2024 | Pfund Family Foundation C/O James D Coyle III | Kvie Sacramento, CA | B | $5,000 | paid | GENERAL SUPPORT | 202512539349100036 |
| 2024 | Aaron & Erin Sullivan Foundation | Kvie Sacramento, CA | B | $300 | approved, future | DONATION | 202533219349104308 |
| 2024 | Xcel Energy Foundation | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | B | $60 | paid | MATCH CREDIT CARD DONATION (501(C)3) GRANT | 202542979349100219 |
| 2024 | Capital Public Radio Endowment Inc Fdba Kxpr Kxjz Endowment Inc | Kvie Sacramento, CA | A | $0 + $67,589 non-cash | paid | FINANCIAL SUPPORT OF STATION | 202532759349302003 |
| 2023 | Corporation for Public Broadcasting | Kvie Sacramento, CA | A | $2,046,964 | paid | TVCSG | 202422289349300042 |
| 2023 | Fidelity Investments Charitable Gift Fund | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | A | $82,845 | paid | For grant recipient's exempt purposes | 202441369349301334 |
| 2023 | David E & Mary C Gallo Foundation | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | B | $60,000 | paid | GENERAL SUPPORT | 202422049349100132 |
| 2023 | Schwab Charitable Fund | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | A | $59,854 | paid | ARTS, CULTURE & HUMANITIES | 202411039349301716 |
| 2023 | Corporation for Public Broadcasting | Kvie Sacramento, CA | A | $36,624 | paid | OSS | 202422289349300042 |
| 2023 | American Online Giving Foundation Inc | Kvie Pbs Sacramento Sacramento, CA | A | $23,490 | paid | GENERAL SUPPORT | 202410469349300741 |
| 2023 | Kelly Foundation | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | B | $20,000 | paid | PBS KIDS | 202440789349100614 |
| 2023 | Western Health Advantage | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | A | $20,000 | paid | KVIE CAMPAIGN CONTRACT | 202421359349313927 |
| 2023 | Vanguard Charitable Endowment Program | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | A | $9,500 | paid | FOR RECIPIENT'S EXEMPT PURPOSE | 202441359349309439 |
| 2023 | T Rowe Price Program for Charitable Giving Inc | Kvie Sacramento, CA | A | $7,900 | paid | SPECIAL PROJECT | 202321949349300147 |
| 2023 | United Way California Capital | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | A | $5,142 | paid | FOR THE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF THIS ORGANIZATION. | 202431359349310213 |
| 2023 | Amazonsmile Foundation | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | B | $440 | paid | GENERAL SUPPORT | 202540919349100629 |
| 2023 | Coastal Barrier Island Foundation | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | B | $200 | paid | GENERAL SUPPORT | 202401369349103300 |
| 2023 | Aaron & Erin Sullivan Foundation | Kvie Sacramento, CA | B | $125 | paid | DONATION | 202510289349100211 |
| 2023 | The Franklin K & Sandra K Yee Foundation C/O Franklin K Yee | Kvie Sacramento, CA | B | $100 | paid | PROMOTE ORGANIZATION'S EDUCATIONAL & CHARITABLE PRGM | 202433189349102498 |
| 2023 | Heiser Foundation | Kvie Sacramento, CA | B | $65 | paid | TO ASSISTCHARITABLEACTIVITY | 202333459349100413 |
| 2023 | Shell USA Company Foundation (fka Shell Oil Company Foundation) | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | B | $50 | paid | MEF | 202403199349102135 |
| 2022 | Corporation for Public Broadcasting | Kvie Sacramento, CA | A | $2,071,255 | paid | TVCSG | 202342269349301614 |
| 2022 | Fidelity Investments Charitable Gift Fund | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | A | $91,565 | paid | For grant recipient's exempt purposes | 202321309349304807 |
| 2022 | Fidelity Investments Charitable Gift Fund | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | A | $91,565 | paid | For grant recipient's exempt purposes | 202430459349302913 |
| 2022 | Schwab Charitable Fund | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | A | $73,774 | paid | ARTS, CULTURE & HUMANITIES | 202330939349300403 |
| 2022 | David E & Mary C Gallo Foundation | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | B | $40,000 | paid | GENERAL SUPPORT | 202302569349100820 |
| 2022 | Corporation for Public Broadcasting | Kvie Sacramento, CA | A | $37,857 | paid | OSS | 202342269349301614 |
| 2022 | Vanguard Charitable Endowment Program | Kvie Sacramento, CA | A | $26,000 | paid | For recipient's exempt purpose | 202331359349303108 |
| 2022 | American Online Giving Foundation Inc | Kvie Pbs Sacramento Sacramento, CA | A | $23,135 | paid | GENERAL SUPPORT | 202340469349301209 |
| 2022 | Kelly Foundation | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | B | $20,000 | paid | PBS KIDS | 202321179349100107 |
| 2022 | Morgan Stanley Global Impact Funding Trust Inc | Pbs Kvie Sacramento, CA | A | $10,000 | paid | UNRESTRICTED GENERAL SUPPORT | 202302999349301010 |
| 2022 | College Board | Pbc Kvie Sacramento, CA | A | $7,500 | paid | SPONSORSHIP | 202323179349306242 |
| 2022 | T Rowe Price Program for Charitable Giving Inc | Pbs Kvie Sacramento, CA | A | $7,500 | paid | SPECIAL PROJECT | 202202019349300005 |
| 2022 | United Way California Capital | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | A | $6,580 | paid | FOR THE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF THIS ORGANIZATION. | 202341339349302459 |
| 2022 | The Blackbaud Giving Fund | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | A | $6,435 | paid | GENERAL SUPPORT | 202312409349300046 |
| 2022 | Pfund Family Foundation | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | B | $5,000 | paid | GENERAL SUPPORT | 202302159349100140 |
| 2022 | Robert & Margaret Mcnamara Foundation | Kvie Sacramento, CA | B | $1,000 | paid | CHARITABLE | 202341019349102244 |
| 2022 | Amazonsmile Foundation | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | B | $580 | paid | GENERAL SUPPORT | 202313119349100141 |
| 2022 | The Franklin K & Sandra K Yee Foundation C/O Franklin K Yee | Kvie Available Upon Request, CA | C | $100 | paid | PROMOTE ORGANIZATION'S EDUCATIONAL & CHARITABLE PRGM | 202313209349101711 |
| 2021 | Corporation for Public Broadcasting | Kvie Sacramento, CA | A | $1,757,588 | paid | TVCSG | 202222249349301622 |
| 2021 | Corporation for Public Broadcasting | Kvie Sacramento, CA | A | $558,391 | paid | TVFSG | 202222249349301622 |
| 2021 | Fidelity Investments Charitable Gift Fund | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | A | $74,485 | paid | For grant recipient's exempt purposes | 202221339349302787 |
| 2021 | Schwab Charitable Fund | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | A | $62,416 | paid | ARTS, CULTURE & HUMANITIES | 202230499349301028 |
| 2021 | David E & Mary C Gallo Foundation | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | B | $40,000 | paid | GENERAL SUPPORT | 202212289349100211 |
| 2021 | Corporation for Public Broadcasting | Kvie Sacramento, CA | A | $33,040 | paid | OSS | 202222249349301622 |
| 2021 | Vanguard Charitable Endowment Program | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | A | $26,500 | paid | FOR RECIPIENT'S EXEMPT PURPOSE | 202211339349310116 |
| 2021 | American Online Giving Foundation Inc | Kvie Pbs Sacramento Sacramento, CA | A | $20,404 | paid | GENERAL SUPPORT | 202240469349301419 |
| 2021 | Western Health Advantage | 2021 Kvie Campaign Pmt Sacramento, CA | A | $20,000 | paid | PUBLIC TELEVISION | 202201329349305025 |
| 2021 | Kelly Foundation | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | B | $7,500 | paid | PBS KIDS | 202242279349100834 |
| 2021 | United Way California Capital | Kvie Inc Channel 6 Public Television Sacramento, CA | A | $7,050 | paid | FOR THE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF THIS ORGANIZATION. | 202211369349312681 |
| 2021 | T Rowe Price Program for Charitable Giving Inc | Pbs Kvie Sacramento, CA | A | $6,000 | paid | GENERAL OPERATING | 202210149349301301 |
| 2021 | The Cortopassi Family Foundation | Kvie Sacramento, CA | B | $1,000 | paid | CHARITABLE | 202231339349103873 |
| 2021 | Coastal Barrier Island Foundation | Kvie Sacramento, CA | B | $200 | paid | GENERAL SUPPORT | 202230919349100308 |
| 2021 | Public Broadcasting Service | Pbs Kvie Sacramento, CA | A | $0 + $17,599 non-cash | paid | See Part IV: #8 | 202201329349306995 |
| 2020 | Corporation for Public Broadcasting | Kvie Sacramento, CA | A | $1,688,659 | paid | TVCSG | 202132289349303163 |
| 2020 | Fidelity Investments Charitable Gift Fund | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | A | $559,515 | paid | For grant recipient's exempt purposes | 202121359349300427 |
| 2020 | Corporation for Public Broadcasting | Kvie Sacramento, CA | A | $200,000 | paid | TVFSG | 202132289349303163 |
| 2020 | Sacramento Region Community Foundation | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | A | $76,228 | paid | UNRESTRICTED | 202103199349327975 |
| 2020 | Sacramento Region Community Foundation | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | A | $45,339 | paid | UNRESTRICTED | 202103199349327975 |
| 2020 | David E & Mary C Gallo Foundation | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | B | $40,000 | paid | GENERAL SUPPORT | 202102959349100915 |
| 2020 | Corporation for Public Broadcasting | Kvie Sacramento, CA | A | $32,612 | paid | OSS | 202132289349303163 |
| 2020 | Schwab Charitable Fund | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | A | $28,700 | paid | ARTS, CULTURE & HUMANITIES | 202140489349301804 |
| 2020 | Stanislaus Community Foundation | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | A | $25,850 | paid | 202103159349307910 | |
| 2020 | Western Health Advantage | Kvie Campaign Sacramento, CA | A | $20,000 | paid | GENERAL PURPOSE | 202121319349303132 |
| 2020 | American Online Giving Foundation Inc | Kvie Pbs Sacramento Sacramento, CA | A | $15,117 | paid | GENERAL SUPPORT | 202120469349300002 |
| 2020 | Public Broadcasting Service | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | A | $10,000 | paid | SEE PART IV: #6 | 202131349349301208 |
| 2020 | Morgan Stanley Global Impact Funding Trust Inc | Pbs Kvie Sacramento, CA | A | $10,000 | paid | UNRESTRICTED GENERAL SUPPORT | 202143219349301454 |
| 2020 | Greater Washington Educational Telecommunications Association Inc | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | A | $6,000 | paid | STATION GRANT | 202130849349301803 |
| 2020 | Wayne Thiebaud Foundation | Kvie Sacramento, CA | B | $2,500 | paid | CASH DONATION TO HELP IN THE ADVANCEMENT OF ART EDUCATION AND AWARENESS. | 202103199349108960 |
| 2020 | Pfund Family Foundation | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | B | $2,500 | paid | GENERAL SUPPORT CHANNEL 6 | 202132109349100208 |
| 2020 | Amazonsmile Foundation | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | B | $606 | paid | GENERAL SUPPORT | 202113199349100901 |
| 2020 | Lee and Carol Tager Family Foundation | Kvie Sacramento, CA | B | $200 | paid | SUPPORT OF PUBLIC CHARITY PROGRAM | 202133159349102313 |
| 2020 | Coastal Barrier Island Foundation | Kvie Sacramento, CA | B | $200 | paid | GENERAL SUPPORT | 202142049349100714 |
| 2020 | The Franklin K & Sandra K Yee Foundation C/O Franklin K Yee | Kvie Available Upon Request, CA | C | $100 | paid | PROMOTE ORGANIZATION'S EDUCATIONAL & CHARITABLE PRGM | 202110629349100716 |
| 2020 | Taylor-Meyer Family Foundation | Kvie Sacramento, CA | B | $100 | paid | GENERAL SUPPORT | 202121349349100742 |
| 2019 | Corporation for Public Broadcasting | Kvie Sacramento, CA | A | $1,794,278 | paid | TVCSG | 202042279349302769 |
| 2019 | Fidelity Investments Charitable Gift Fund | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | A | $150,208 | paid | For grant recipient's exempt purposes | 202041789349301474 |
| 2019 | Corporation for Public Broadcasting | Kvie Sacramento, CA | A | $33,954 | paid | OSS | 202042279349302769 |
| 2019 | Schwab Charitable Fund | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | A | $25,035 | paid | ARTS, CULTURE & HUMANITIES | 202010489349300101 |
| 2019 | Morgan Stanley Global Impact Funding Trust Inc | Kvie Public Television Sacramento, CA | A | $20,000 | paid | UNRESTRICTED GENERAL SUPPORT | 202013249349301811 |
| 2019 | Morgan Stanley Global Impact Funding Trust Inc | Kvie Public Television Sacramento, CA | A | $20,000 | paid | UNRESTRICTED GENERAL SUPPORT | 202013249349301811 |
| 2019 | United Way California Capital | Kvie Inc Channel 6 Public Television Sacramento, CA | A | $8,815 | paid | FOR THE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF THIS ORGANIZATION. | 202041349349302084 |
| 2019 | Pfund Family Foundation | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | B | $2,500 | paid | GENERAL SUPPORT CHANNEL 6 | 202042309349100124 |
| 2019 | The Franklin K & Sandra K Yee Foundation C/O Franklin K Yee | Kvie Available Upon Request, CA | C | $100 | paid | PROMOTE ORGANIZATION'S EDUCATIONAL & CHARITABLE PRGM | 202021139349101207 |
| 2019 | The Bank of America Charitable Foundation Inc | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | C | $25 | paid | PROGRAM/OPERATING SUPPORT | 202001499349100200 |
| 2018 | Corporation for Public Broadcasting | Kvie Sacramento, CA | A | $1,554,550 | paid | TVCSG | 201922259349301692 |
| 2018 | Fidelity Investments Charitable Gift Fund | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | A | $44,440 | paid | FOR GRANT RECIPIENT'S EXEMPT PURPOSES | 201931359349301478 |
| 2018 | Safe Credit Union | Kvie Sacramento, CA | A | $30,555 | paid | Annual sponsorship of View Finder event and educational television programming support | 201931359349305683 |
| 2018 | Corporation for Public Broadcasting | Kvie Sacramento, CA | A | $29,459 | paid | OSS | 201922259349301692 |
| 2018 | Schwab Charitable Fund | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | A | $25,070 | paid | ARTS, CULTURE & HUMANITIES | 201930459349302018 |
| 2018 | Pfund Family Foundation | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | B | $5,000 | paid | GENERAL SUPPORT CHANNEL 6 | 201921279349102072 |
| 2018 | The Foster Family Charitable Foundation | Kvie Sacramento, CA | B | $1,000 | paid | CHARITABLE | 201901359349101805 |
| 2018 | Lee and Carol Tager Family Foundation | Kvie Sacramento, CA | B | $200 | paid | SUPPORT OF PUBLIC CHARITY PROGRAM | 201941349349104019 |
| 2018 | The Franklin K & Sandra K Yee Foundation C/O Franklin K Yee | Kvie Available Upon Request, CA | C | $100 | paid | PROMOTE ORGANIZATION'S EDUCATIONAL & CHARITABLE PRGM | 201941349349102614 |
| 2018 | The Bank of America Charitable Foundation Inc | Kvie Inc Sacramento, CA | B | $30 | paid | PROGRAM/OPERATING SUPPORT | 201931349349102143 |
| 2017 | United Way California Capital | Kvie Inc Channel 6 Public Television Sacramento, CA | A | $6,245 | paid | FOR THE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF THIS ORGANIZATION. | 201921309349303142 |
Match tier: A Reported EIN · B Exact name and place · C Strong name match · D Probable name match · U Unresolved. Tiers C and D are inferred, not reported; see how matching works.
Recipient matching for this dataset version has not yet completed its independent precision check. Tier A rows carry the EIN the filer reported; tiers B–D are inferred and should be read as leads until the check is published on the methodology page.
Derived from IRS Form 990-PF and Form 990 Schedule I e-file XML filed by the funders shown; this organization's identity from the IRS Exempt Organizations Business Master File. Dataset version 2026.09.0, built 2026-09-03. The rows as Parquet: manifest.
The same organization elsewhere in the program: exempt status and filing health · federal awards · grant guidance · open opportunities.
This is informational only, derived from public data on the dates shown. It is not an eligibility determination, and not legal, tax, or accounting advice. Verify against the official source before relying on it.