funder-graph › Recipients
Who funds Joan Dancy and Pals Inc
EIN 20-3842940 · Neptune, NJ · NTEE T30
Joan Dancy and Pals Inc of Neptune, NJ (EIN 20-3842940) was named as a grant recipient by 42 funders in 118 grants paid totaling $448,065 in tax years 2018–2025, as reported on the funders' Forms 990-PF and 990 Schedule I. Each edge was resolved to this EIN at the match tier shown. Dataset version 2026.09.0, built 2026-09-03.
Grants received
$448,065
118 grants paid
Funders
42
distinct grantmakers
Tax years
2018–2025
as reported by funders
Funders
Match tier: A Reported EIN · B Exact name and place · C Strong name match · D Probable name match · U Unresolved. Tiers C and D are inferred, not reported; see how matching works.
Grants
The 118 most recent grants naming this organization.
| Tax year | Funder | Recipient | Match | Amount | Type | Purpose | Source filing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | Light of Day Foundation Inc | Joan Dancy & Pals Red Bank, NJ | A | $25,000 | paid | ASSIST RESEARCH IN FINDING A CURE | 202611319349301476 |
| 2025 | Reilly Family Charitable Foundation Inc | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $10,000 | paid | GENERAL OPERATING SUPPORT | 202630899349100218 |
| 2025 | Charities Aid Foundation America | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | A | $9,671 | paid | CHARITABLE DONATION | 202610489349300906 |
| 2025 | American Online Giving Foundation Inc | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | A | $7,682 | paid | GENERAL SUPPORT | 202533509349301608 |
| 2025 | American Online Giving Foundation Inc | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | A | $7,682 | paid | GENERAL SUPPORT | 202641969349302754 |
| 2025 | Dg Foundation | Joan Dancy Pals Red Bank, NJ | D | $2,500 | paid | ALS RESEARCH | 202642039349100204 |
| 2025 | Tedesco Family Private Foundation | Joan Dancy & Pals (people Wals Foundation Red Bank, NJ | D | $2,500 | paid | GENERAL FUND | 202601359349102725 |
| 2025 | The Zaro Foundation Inc | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $2,000 | paid | UNRESTRICTED | 202601199349101700 |
| 2025 | Blue Dolphin Foundation | Joan Dancy and Pals Red Bank, NJ | C | $1,800 | paid | donation | 202600479349100300 |
| 2025 | George and Ruth Harms Foundation | Joan Dancy & Pals Red Bank, NJ | C | $500 | paid | GENERAL | 202641339349100849 |
| 2025 | The Gross Family Charitable Foundation Inc | Joan Dancy and Pals Foundation Red Bank, NJ | D | $500 | paid | PUBLIC | 202611339349104261 |
| 2025 | Columbia Bank Foundation | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $250 | paid | EMPLOYEE SPONSORED GIVING - HEALTH RESEARCH | 202641329349102724 |
| 2025 | Al & Peggy Dematteis Family Foundation C/O Keith Dematteis Director | Joan Dancy & Pals Foundation Red Bank, NJ | D | $100 | paid | GENERAL CHARITABLE FUNDING | 202631319349101958 |
| 2025 | The Hilgos Foundation C/O Berna Huebner | Joan Dancy and Pals Red Bank, NJ | C | $50 | paid | General charitable contribution | 202601739349100425 |
| 2024 | Light of Day Foundation Inc | Joan Dancy & Pals Red Bank, NJ | A | $50,000 | paid | ASSIST RESEARCH IN FINDING A CURE | 202531349349309608 |
| 2024 | The H Hovnanian Family Foundation Inc | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $10,000 | paid | UNRESTRICTED GRANT TO SUPPORT THE ORGANIZATION'S EXEMPT PURPOSE. | 202533169349101688 |
| 2024 | American Online Giving Foundation Inc | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | A | $5,921 | paid | GENERAL SUPPORT | 202530159349302758 |
| 2024 | The William Gross Charitable Foundation Inc C/O Mandel Fekete & Bloom Cpas | Joan Dancy and Pals Foundation Red Bank, NJ | D | $5,000 | paid | Donation for general use | 202511299349102631 |
| 2024 | Leslie & Samuel Kaplan Family Foundation | Joan Dancy & Pals Red Bank, NJ | C | $5,000 | paid | GENERAL SUPPORT | 202521329349101282 |
| 2024 | Dg Foundation | Joan Dancy Pals Red Bank, NJ | D | $2,500 | paid | ALS RESEARCH | 202512319349100656 |
| 2024 | The Ansell Grimm & Aaron Foundation Inc C/O Michael Benedetto Esq | Joan Dancy & Pals Red Bank, NJ | C | $2,500 | paid | UNRESTRICTED | 202521339349102212 |
| 2024 | Tedesco Family Private Foundation | Joan Dancy & Pals (people Wals Foundation Red Bank, NJ | D | $2,500 | paid | GENERAL FUND | 202541359349103344 |
| 2024 | Blue Dolphin Foundation | Joan Dancy and Pals Red Bank, NJ | C | $2,108 | paid | donation | 202520519349100302 |
| 2024 | The Zaro Foundation Inc | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $1,500 | paid | UNRESTRICTED | 202511489349100116 |
| 2024 | Chubb Charitable Foundation | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $1,289 | paid | Matching Gifts | 202543169349100719 |
| 2024 | Van Nice Foundation C/O Jeanette Hunt Van Nice | Jaon Dancy and Pals Red Bank, NJ | D | $1,000 | paid | GENERAL SUPPORT | 202522829349100022 |
| 2024 | George and Ruth Harms Foundation | Joan Dancy & Pals Red Bank, NJ | C | $500 | paid | GENERAL | 202541279349103294 |
| 2024 | Oceanfirst Foundation | Joan Dancy and Pals Foundation Red Bank, NJ | D | $500 | paid | SINDERELLA'S BALL | 202511259349101826 |
| 2024 | The Yelp Foundation | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $500 | paid | MATCHING CONTRIBUTION MADE BY EMPLOYEE OF YELP, IN | 202543169349102549 |
| 2024 | The Gross Family Charitable Foundation Inc | Joan Dancy and Pals Foundation Red Bank, NJ | D | $500 | paid | PUBLIC | 202531269349101218 |
| 2024 | Hollander Brothers Foundation Inc | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $360 | paid | TO ASSIST ORGANIZATIONS IN PURSUING THEIR CHARITABLE EXEMPT PURPOSE. | 202510809349100411 |
| 2024 | Schoenhut Family Foundation Inc | Joan Dancy and Pals Foundation Red Bank, NJ | D | $250 | paid | ASSIST THE ORGANIZATION IN ITS CHARITABLE PURPOSES | 202512969349100311 |
| 2024 | Arthur J Gallagher Foundation | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $200 | paid | GENERAL EXEMPT PURPOSE | 202523149349102812 |
| 2024 | Verizon Foundation | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $103 | paid | OTHER CIVIC / COMMUNITY | 202533219349106673 |
| 2024 | The Pfizer Foundation Inc | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $40 | paid | VOLUNTEER PROGRAM | 202503119349101850 |
| 2023 | Fidelity Investments Charitable Gift Fund | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | A | $12,100 | paid | For grant recipient's exempt purposes | 202441369349301334 |
| 2023 | The H Hovnanian Family Foundation Inc | Joan Dancy & Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $10,000 | paid | UNRESTRICTED GRANT TO SUPPORT THE ORGANIZATION'S EXEMPT PURPOSE. | 202413189349102061 |
| 2023 | Vanguard Charitable Endowment Program | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | A | $6,000 | paid | FOR RECIPIENT'S EXEMPT PURPOSE | 202441359349309439 |
| 2023 | Leslie & Samuel Kaplan Family Foundation | Joan Dancy & Pals Red Bank, NJ | C | $5,000 | paid | GENERAL SUPPORT | 202511199349100516 |
| 2023 | The William Gross Charitable Foundation Inc C/O Mandel Fekete & Bloom Cpas | Joan Dancy and Pals Foundation Red Bank, NJ | D | $5,000 | paid | Donation for general use | 202441359349101984 |
| 2023 | Tedesco Family Private Foundation | Joan Dancy & Pals (people Wals Foundation Red Bank, NJ | D | $2,500 | paid | GENERAL FUND | 202521359349104147 |
| 2023 | The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $2,250 | paid | MATCHING GIFT | 202443129349100234 |
| 2023 | Schoenhut Family Foundation Inc | Joan Dancy and Pals Foundation Red Bank, NJ | D | $1,000 | paid | ASSIST THE ORGANIZATION IN ITS CHARITABLE PURPOSES | 202423099349100517 |
| 2023 | The Zaro Foundation Inc | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $1,000 | paid | UNRESTRICTED | 202421369349101267 |
| 2023 | Amazonsmile Foundation | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $735 | paid | GENERAL SUPPORT | 202540919349100629 |
| 2023 | The Gross Family Charitable Foundation Inc | Joan Dancy and Pals Foundation Red Bank, NJ | D | $500 | paid | PUBLIC | 202401359349100925 |
| 2023 | The Yelp Foundation | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $500 | paid | MATCHING CONTRIBUTION MADE BY EMPLOYEE OF YELP, IN | 202423179349103187 |
| 2023 | The Bank of America Charitable Foundation Inc | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $500 | paid | PROGRAM/OPERATING SUPPORT | 202411309349100126 |
| 2023 | George and Ruth Harms Foundation | Joan Dancy & Pals Red Bank, NJ | C | $500 | paid | GENERAL | 202401309349103120 |
| 2023 | Arthur J Gallagher Foundation | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $200 | paid | GENERAL EXEMPT PURPOSE | 202403119349101560 |
| 2023 | The Pfizer Foundation Inc | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $100 | paid | MATCHING GIFTS | 202412839349100921 |
| 2023 | The Bank of America Charitable Foundation Inc | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $100 | paid | PROGRAM/OPERATING SUPPORT | 202411309349100126 |
| 2023 | Verizon Foundation | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $78 | paid | OTHER CIVIC / COMMUNITY | 202403169349102395 |
| 2023 | Chubb Charitable Foundation | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $50 | paid | Matching Gifts | 202443169349101574 |
| 2023 | Ge Foundation | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $50 | paid | MATCHING GIFTS | 202433199349106583 |
| 2023 | The Bank of America Charitable Foundation Inc | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $26 | paid | PROGRAM/OPERATING SUPPORT | 202411309349100126 |
| 2022 | Light of Day Foundation Inc | Joan Dancy and Pals Red Bank, NJ | A | $25,000 | paid | ASSIST RESEARCH IN FINDING A CURE | 202311329349305601 |
| 2022 | Network for Good | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | A | $11,893 | paid | UNRESTRICTED | 202342939349300849 |
| 2022 | Higher Ground Foundation Inc | Joan Dancy & Pals (people With Als) Foundation Red Bank, NJ | A | $10,000 | paid | FOR GENERAL SUPPORT OF THE ORGANIZATION. | 202312519349300646 |
| 2022 | The Blackbaud Giving Fund | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | A | $7,070 | paid | GENERAL SUPPORT | 202312409349300046 |
| 2022 | Schwab Charitable Fund | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | A | $6,700 | paid | PUBLIC, SOCIETAL BENEFIT | 202330939349300403 |
| 2022 | The William Gross Charitable Foundation Inc C/O Mandel Fekete & Bloom Cpas | Joan Dancy and Pals Foundation Red Bank, NJ | D | $5,000 | paid | General Use | 202311319349103396 |
| 2022 | Leslie & Samuel Kaplan Family Foundation | Joan Dancy & Pals Red Bank, NJ | C | $5,000 | paid | GENERAL SUPPORT | 202302709349100905 |
| 2022 | The Angelo Family Charitable Foundation | The Joan Dancy & Pals Foundation Red Neck, NJ | D | $5,000 | paid | FOR OPERATIONS | 202312929349100511 |
| 2022 | The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $2,500 | paid | MATCHING GIFT | 202343139349100304 |
| 2022 | Amazonsmile Foundation | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $1,017 | paid | GENERAL SUPPORT | 202313119349100141 |
| 2022 | Tedesco Family Private Foundation | Joan Dancy & Pals (people Wals Foundation Red Bank, NJ | D | $1,000 | paid | GENERAL FUND | 202531359349104463 |
| 2022 | George and Ruth Harms Foundation | Joan Dancy & Pais Red Bank, NJ | D | $500 | paid | GENERAL | 202301519349100910 |
| 2022 | The Zaro Foundation Inc | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $500 | paid | UNRESTRICTED | 202301399349100805 |
| 2022 | The Gross Family Charitable Foundation Inc | Joan Dancy and Pals Foundation Red Bank, NJ | D | $500 | paid | PUBLIC | 202341309349100614 |
| 2022 | The Bank of America Charitable Foundation Inc | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $303 | paid | PROGRAM/OPERATING SUPPORT | 202301309349101020 |
| 2022 | The Yelp Foundation | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $300 | paid | MATCHING CONTRIBUTION MADE BY EMPLOYEE OF YELP, INC. | 202441289349103684 |
| 2022 | Schoenhut Family Foundation Inc | Joan Dancy and Pals Foundation Red Bank, NJ | D | $250 | paid | ASSIST THE ORGANIZATION IN ITS CHARITABLE PURPOSES | 202303139349102180 |
| 2022 | The Lazard Foundation C/O Lazard Freres & Co LLC | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $200 | paid | UNRESTRICTED | 202342299349100309 |
| 2022 | Verizon Foundation | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $150 | paid | MIP PAYOUT FOR 02/07/2022 | 202303189349106350 |
| 2022 | Ge Foundation | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $25 | paid | MATCHING GIFTS | 202333189349102018 |
| 2021 | Network for Good | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | A | $11,995 | paid | UNRESTRICTED | 202212289349300736 |
| 2021 | Leslie & Samuel Kaplan Family Foundation | Joan Dancy & Pals Als Foundation Red Bank, NJ | D | $5,000 | paid | GENERAL SUPPORT | 202201329349101000 |
| 2021 | The William Gross Charitable Foundation Inc C/O Mandel Fekete & Bloom Cpas | Joan Dancy and Pals Foundation Red Bank, NJ | D | $5,000 | paid | General Use | 202201329349101645 |
| 2021 | The Gross Family Charitable Foundation Inc | Joan Dancy and Pals Foundation Red Bank, NJ | D | $850 | paid | PUBLIC | 202211369349104366 |
| 2021 | George and Ruth Harms Foundation | Joan Dancy & Pals Red Bank, NJ | C | $500 | paid | 2021 DONATION | 202211329349100646 |
| 2021 | The Zaro Foundation Inc C/O Jerold L Zaro | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $250 | paid | UNRESTRICTED | 202201889349100705 |
| 2021 | Lund Mcfeeley Family Foundation | Joan Dancy & Pals Foundation Red Bank, NJ | D | $250 | paid | EXEMPT PURPOSE OF RECIPIENT CHARITABLE ORGANIZATION | 202221369349101407 |
| 2020 | Light of Day Foundation Inc | Joan Dancy and Pals Red Bank, NJ | A | $20,000 | paid | CURE RESEARCH | 202101769349301210 |
| 2020 | Network for Good | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | A | $15,255 | paid | Unrestricted | 202131819349300608 |
| 2020 | The Angelo Family Charitable Foundation | The Joan Dancy & Pals Foundation Red Neck, NJ | D | $8,000 | paid | FOR OPERATIONS | 202123059349100007 |
| 2020 | The William Gross Charitable Foundation Inc C/O Mandel Fekete & Bloom Cpas | Joan Dancy and Pals Foundation Red Bank, NJ | D | $5,000 | paid | General Use | 202101759349100505 |
| 2020 | Leslie & Samuel Kaplan Family Foundation | Joan Dancy & Pals Als Foundation Red Bank, NJ | D | $5,000 | paid | GENERAL SUPPORT | 202212239349100801 |
| 2020 | The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $1,250 | paid | Matching Gifts | 202143159349102389 |
| 2020 | The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $1,250 | paid | Matching Gifts | 202331099349100118 |
| 2020 | The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $1,000 | paid | Matching Gifts | 202143159349102389 |
| 2020 | The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $1,000 | paid | Matching Gifts | 202331099349100118 |
| 2020 | Amazonsmile Foundation | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $785 | paid | GENERAL SUPPORT | 202113199349100901 |
| 2020 | The Bank of America Charitable Foundation Inc | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $600 | paid | GENERAL SUPPORT | 202131479349100003 |
| 2020 | The Ansell Grimm & Aaron Foundation Inc C/O Michael Benedetto Esq | Joan Dancy & Pals Foundation Red Bank, NJ | D | $500 | paid | UNRESTRICTED | 202121049349100852 |
| 2020 | The Bank of America Charitable Foundation Inc | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $500 | paid | GENERAL SUPPORT | 202131479349100003 |
| 2020 | The Gross Family Charitable Foundation Inc | Joan Dancy and Pals Foundation Red Bank, NJ | D | $500 | paid | PUBLIC | 202131269349102663 |
| 2020 | The Bank of America Charitable Foundation Inc | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $424 | paid | GENERAL SUPPORT | 202131479349100003 |
| 2020 | Weitzman Family Foundation Inc | Joan Dancy and Pals Red Bank, NJ | C | $250 | paid | CHARITABLE | 202132089349100008 |
| 2020 | The Zaro Foundation Inc C/O Jerold L Zaro | Joan Dancy and Pals Foundation Red Bank, NJ | D | $250 | paid | UNRESTRICTED | 202111819349100201 |
| 2020 | The Bank of America Charitable Foundation Inc | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $155 | paid | GENERAL SUPPORT | 202131479349100003 |
| 2020 | The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $129 | paid | Matching Gifts | 202331099349100118 |
| 2020 | The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $129 | paid | Matching Gifts | 202143159349102389 |
| 2020 | Equitable Foundation Inc | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $100 | paid | GENERAL SUPPORT | 202240569349100709 |
| 2020 | The Bank of America Charitable Foundation Inc | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $50 | paid | GENERAL SUPPORT | 202131479349100003 |
| 2020 | Verizon Foundation | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $50 | paid | MIP PAYOUT FOR 04/14/20 | 202123199349109562 |
| 2019 | Light of Day Foundation Inc | Joan Dancy and Pals Red Bank, NJ | A | $25,000 | paid | CURE RESEARCH | 202043309349300929 |
| 2019 | Light of Day Foundation Inc | Joan Dancy and Pals Red Bank, NJ | A | $25,000 | paid | CURE RESEARCH | 202043309349300929 |
| 2019 | Dg Foundation | The Joan Dancy & Pals Foundation Hazlet, NJ | D | $1,000 | paid | CHARITABLE SPONSORSHIP | 202012479349100301 |
| 2019 | The Gross Family Charitable Foundation Inc | Joan Dancy and Pals Foundation Red Bank, NJ | D | $750 | paid | PUBLIC | 202021259349101222 |
| 2019 | The Zaro Foundation Inc C/O Jerold L Zaro | Joan Dancy and Pals Foundation Red Bank, NJ | D | $250 | paid | UNRESTRICTED | 202041299349100324 |
| 2019 | The Ansell Grimm & Aaron Foundation Inc C/O Michael Benedetto Esq | Joan Dancy & Pals Foundation Red Bank, NJ | D | $80 | paid | UNRESTRICTED | 202021709349101107 |
| 2018 | Network for Good | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | A | $9,395 | paid | Unrestricted | 201941789349300019 |
| 2018 | Jam Anonymous Foundation Inc | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $5,000 | paid | GENERAL FUND | 201942479349100009 |
| 2018 | The Gross Family Charitable Foundation Inc | Joan Dancy and Pals Foundation Red Bank, NJ | D | $750 | paid | PUBLIC | 201910449349100101 |
| 2018 | The Bank of America Charitable Foundation Inc | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $675 | paid | PROGRAM/OPERATING SUPPORT | 201931349349102143 |
| 2018 | The Bank of America Charitable Foundation Inc | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $440 | paid | PROGRAM/OPERATING SUPPORT | 201931349349102143 |
| 2018 | The Bank of America Charitable Foundation Inc | Joan Dancy and Pals Inc Red Bank, NJ | C | $100 | paid | PROGRAM/OPERATING SUPPORT | 201931349349102143 |
Match tier: A Reported EIN · B Exact name and place · C Strong name match · D Probable name match · U Unresolved. Tiers C and D are inferred, not reported; see how matching works.
Recipient matching for this dataset version has not yet completed its independent precision check. Tier A rows carry the EIN the filer reported; tiers B–D are inferred and should be read as leads until the check is published on the methodology page.
Derived from IRS Form 990-PF and Form 990 Schedule I e-file XML filed by the funders shown; this organization's identity from the IRS Exempt Organizations Business Master File. Dataset version 2026.09.0, built 2026-09-03. The rows as Parquet: manifest.
The same organization elsewhere in the program: exempt status and filing health · federal awards · grant guidance · open opportunities.
This is informational only, derived from public data on the dates shown. It is not an eligibility determination, and not legal, tax, or accounting advice. Verify against the official source before relying on it.